Excess procurement strategies by a dominant buyer under constrained supply

Supply chains are often characterized by the presence of a dominant buyer purchasing from a supplier with limited capacity. We study such a situation where a single supplier sells capacity to an established and more powerful buyer and also to a relatively less powerful buyer. The more powerful buyer enjoys the first right to book her capacity requirements at supplier's end, and then the common supplier fulfills the requirement of the less powerful buyer. We find that when the supplier's capacity is either too low (below the lower threshold) or too high (above the higher threshold), there is no excess procurement as compared to the case when supplier has infinite capacity. When the supplier's capacity is between these two thresholds, the more powerful buyer purchases an excess amount in comparison to the infinite capacity case.     

基于调频傅里叶变换的高速目标ISAR距离像算法

在大时宽带宽线性调频(LFM)体制高分辨逆合成孔径(ISAR)雷达中,目标高速运动将引起严重的回波多普勒色散,如果不消除该影响则不能正确成像。针对该问题,设计了一种通过调频傅里叶变换对目标脉内运动参数进行估计,补偿回波脉内走动得到目标距离像的方法。该方法首先估计脉内运动参数,初步补偿脉内走动,然后估计运动轨迹进一步精确补偿脉内走动,补偿脉内走动后通过包络对齐消除脉间走动,得到目标距离像。算法的主要过程在脉冲重复周期内进行,可以满足实时成像和参数估计的需求。     

弹/枪相互作用引起的运动步枪枪口振动分析

为研究身管结构参数变化对运动步枪枪口振动的影响规律,采用非线性有限元方法建立了运动步枪弹/枪相互作用数值计算模型。借助压力测试系统对运动步枪进行了膛压测试试验;使用高速摄影设备实测了枪口在发射过程中竖直方向的振动规律,通过对比枪口实测数据与数值计算结果验证了模型的正确性。数值模型为研究参数变化对枪口振动的影响提供了理论基础,研究结果对工程实践具有一定实际意义。     

The Harmful and Residual Effects on Civilians by Bombing Dual-purpose Facilities

This article addresses what we owe to the civilians of a state with which we are militarily engaged. The old notion of noncombatant immunity needs to be rethought within the context of both human rights and into the postwar phase. No doubt, civilians will be killed in war. However, much more can be done during and after the fighting to protect civilians’ basic human rights from the ills of war. I argue for making belligerents accountable ex post by requiring them to repair destroyed dual-purpose facilities that are essential for securing basic human rights of the civilian populace. I argue also that a belligerent’s targeting decisions should be reviewed ex post by an impartial commission.     

高速布放的微型海光缆下沉状态研究

研究了高速布放的微型海光缆(SFOMC)的下沉状态,分析了洋流、微缆外径、微缆单位长水中重力以及布放速度对下沉状态的影响.计算机仿真结果表明,上升流是影响SFOMC下沉状态的决定性因素,在选择路由时,一定要避开有上升流的海域,同时要加快下沉速度,还应尽量选用外径较小的SFOMC;而下沉速度受SFOMC的单位长水中重力的影响不大,没有必要设计制造大重力的单位长水中重力的SFOMC,且下沉速度与布放平台的航行速度无关.     

高速精密混合陶瓷轴承套圈加工误差产生原因及工艺改进方法

分析了高速精密混合陶瓷轴承套圈磨削及超精加工过程中误差产生的原因及对后续工序的影响,针对不同工序中误差产生的原因,提出了减小加工误差的工艺改进措施。在磨削加工阶段,引入了双端面磨削加工方法;建立了外圆无心磨削工件中心最佳高度计算模型;根据无心磨削复映规律,提出了减小复映误差的具体措施,并验证了其合理性。在超精加工阶段,提出了采用分阶段选取不同参数的方法来提高超精加工的精度。     

基于多通道采样数据的高速存储系统设计

建立了一个四层文件系统,将来自多个通道的采样数据按存储任务编号、通道号、采样起始时间分层存储,并对每层数据提供相应的索引文件,提供了按通道号及时间段的快速查询服务。测试表明,在IBM服务器上达到了150 MB/s的存储速度,可以满足同时300个通道的实时采样数据存储任务。     

超急速爆发沸腾研究的新实验方法

在总结分析前人实验方法的优缺点基础上 ,在国内首次建成了超急速爆发实验台 ,其特点如下 :加热和测温信号互不干扰 ,温度测量频响快、精度高 ,且避免了测量滞后 ,温度测量动态响应时间小于 1μs ;采用高压电火花放电技术 ,高速照相速度快 ;采用了汽泡轮廓清晰并可以研究整个过程以及光源强度要求低的侧照方式 .照相最高放大倍数可达 10 0倍 ,研究范围为 1～ 90 0 μs .     

Balancing a one‐way corridor capacity and safety‐oriented reliability: A stochastic optimization approach for metro train timetabling

In urban rail transit systems of large cities, the headway and following distance of successive trains have been compressed as much as possible to enhance the corridor capacity to satisfy extremely high passenger demand during peak hours. To prevent train collisions and ensure the safety of trains, a safe following distance of trains must be maintained. However, this requirement is subject to a series of complex factors, such as the uncertain train braking performance, train communication delay, and driver reaction time. In this paper, we propose a unified mathematical framework to analyze the safety‐oriented reliability of metro train timetables with different corridor capacities, that is, the train traffic density, and determine the most reliable train timetable for metro lines in an uncertain environment. By employing a space‐time network representation in the formulations, the reliability‐based train timetabling problem is formulated as a nonlinear stochastic programming model, in which we use 0‐1 variables to denote the time‐dependent velocity and position of all involved trains. Several reformulation techniques are developed to obtain an equivalent mixed integer programming model with quadratic constraints (MIQCP) that can be solved to optimality by some commercial solvers. To improve the computational efficiency of the MIQCP model, we develop a dual decomposition solution framework that decomposes the primal problem into several sets of subproblems by dualizing the coupling constraints across different samples. An exact dynamic programming combined with search space reduction strategies is also developed to solve the exact optimal solutions of these subproblems. Two sets of numerical experiments, which involve a relatively small‐scale case and a real‐world instance based on the operation data of the Beijing subway Changping Line are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.     

近极轨微纳卫星星座高速数传模型路由算法

基于近极轨微纳卫星星座在高速数据传输模型下的网络特点，给出近极轨微纳卫星星座的高速数据传输的模型，分析适用于该模型的路由算法，推导该路由算法开销的计算方式，说明了算法在高速数传模型下的不足；给出算法的改进策略；利用NS3网络仿真平台建立微纳卫星星座高速数传网络场景，仿真了该场景下采用改进路由算法前后的关键性能指标。研究结果表明：在近极轨微纳卫星星座构建的高速数据传输网络中，改进算法在使得吞吐率和分组到达率有所提升的同时，显著降低了网络系统路由开销，微纳卫星高速数据传输网络的性能得到优化。