垂直刚性面边界条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论研究

为研究垂直边界面对水下爆炸气泡脉动的影响,根据势流理论建立了垂直边界面条件下水下爆炸气泡运动的理论模型,编制计算程序进行求解。对水下爆炸气泡脉动运动的特点、流场的速度及压力的分布、气泡引起的载荷形式进行了分析,结果表明,此模型能够反映水下爆炸气泡和周围流体介质的运动规律,并能进行定量的计算。     

舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵强度计算方法研究

新型"大气泡能"概念武器在水下爆炸能产生大气泡,对船体总纵强度造成很大影响,有可能使舰体发生纵向折断或倾覆。为研究这种作用,建立了舰船静置爆炸气泡时总纵弯曲强度的理论计算方法。采用静置爆炸气泡的假设,将气泡产生的浮力损失和压力差转化为等效载荷,计算气泡作用后船体的总纵弯矩和剪力并进行强度校核。以某舰艇为例进行计算,结果表明,爆炸气泡作用下船体的剪力和弯矩比静浮状态增大很多,船体发生纵向折断破坏的危险性也随之增大。     

混凝土板模爆方法数值模拟研究

分析混凝土结构在1/4模型中应变率对于爆炸相似律的影响,并用数值模拟的方法进行混凝土板的模爆方法研究,得出混凝土板在爆炸作用下复印比例定律近似成立的结论。考察数值模拟中产生计算误差的原因,发现混凝土板模型在采用4cm网格时会出现较大的计算偏差,其原因部分是由于网格尺寸引起的,部分是由于计算采用的混凝土局部损伤失效模型引起的。     

复合材料的弹性常数与损伤的直接测试

本文将复合材料细观力学和复合材料微裂纹损伤理论与直接测试方法结合起来,在一次加载条件下直接测得复合材料结构件的弹性常数和损伤变量随外载的变化规律,从而可避免直接测试方法的多次加载的困难。由碳纤维／环氧复合材料圆筒壳的轴压实验的直接测试所得结果比较合理,表明该方法是合理可靠的,特别是在加载条件下直接测得复合材料结构件的损伤发展规律之后,可将复合材料微裂纹损伤理论直接用于工程结构件的动态损伤监测。     

基础知识在《理论力学》课程中的地位和学习方法

很多学生没有学习好<理论力学>的主要原因是对基础知识重视不够、学习方法不科学.为此,在强调基础知识重要性的同时,结合典型的例子,着重对于基本概念、基本理论、基本技能等3个方面的学习方法,进行了分析和讨论.     

红外脉冲强光辐射产生技术研究

定向红外脉冲强光辐射技术是定向红外对抗中的关键技术,主要用来破坏敌方精确制导武器或C4I系统的红外传感器。本文进行了三种产生技术的研究,即爆炸激励惰性气体,多丝电爆激励惰性气体和多点同步爆燃药物。在同步爆燃产生技术的研究中,当有效载荷弹药为0.2kg时,在距离源50m处得到三个波段(1～3、3～5、8～12μm)的辐射强度为(2.00～3.55)×l05W／Sr,脉冲半高宽为约20ms的强红外辐射脉冲。     

易燃易爆化工单位反恐对策研究

分析了易燃易爆化工单位遭遇恐怖袭击的危害性,着重分析了13种易燃易爆化工单位反恐防范对策,并提出反恐发展建议,欲予易爆易爆危险化学品生产、储存、使用单位反恐工作提供一定借鉴。     

两种单基发射药灌注成型为凝胶炸药研究

对14／7和22／1两种单基发射药灌注成型为凝胶炸药进行了初步的试验研究,并对生成的凝胶炸药进行了威力和猛度测试。结果表明,可以利用高分子含水材料与氧化剂将废弃的发射药转化为凝胶民用炸药,通过调整装药直径,可获得一定的威力和猛度。     

Deformation,fragmentation and acceleration of a controlled fragmentation charge casing

Two different finite element software, LS-DYNA and Impetus, have been evaluated to test their ability to predict the deformation, fragmentation and acceleration of a controlled fragmentation charge casing. The general-purpose program LS-DYNA was used with a multi-material ALE formulation and a mass-preserving erosion criterion coupled to a Johnson-Cook fracture criterion. In the Impetus simulations, a third order Lagrangian element formulation was used for the casing and a node-splitting element erosion treatment coupled to a Cockcroft-Latham failure criterion was used to describe casing fracture. The high-explosive gases were described by a discrete particle formalism.In order to acquire data to validate our computational tools and constitutive models, a series of experiments have been performed using a laboratory charge with an internal grooved casing. In the test series, the charge geometry was fixed except that the groove depth were varied from very shallow to very deep resulting in different deformation patterns, fracture modes and terminal velocities. Various diagnostic tools captured the different stages of the expansion and fragmentation of the casing. A high-speed framing camera depicted the deformation pattern before fragmentation and was used to determine the moment when the casing failed. Three different complementary techniques were used to follow the acceleration of the fragments; a Photon Doppler velocimetry to determine the initial acceleration of the casing, double exposed radiographs to estimate the fragment velocity after break-up and a high-speed video to determine the terminal velocity of the fragment after leaving the fireball. In addition, the fragments were soft recovered in a set of sawdust pit tests and their final shape and weight were measured. A SEM was used to characterise the fracture surfaces and to determine the modus of fracture (tensile or shear failure).Comparisons to experiments show that both software can predict the change in deformation behaviour when the groove depth increases, from tangential necking for shallow grooves to radial punching for deep groves. Both software could also reasonable well predict the acceleration of the fragments, though both overestimates the terminal velocity for the charge with the deepest grooves.     

大连7·16油罐区爆炸火灾事故成功处置的启示

随着我国石油化工工业的发展以及国家原油战略储备库项目的实施,油罐的大型化已成为发展的必然趋势,现在10万m3的储罐已经屡见不鲜。如此巨大的油罐一旦发生火灾爆炸,其后果是难以想象的。2010年7月16日发生的大连中石油国际储运有限公司保税区油库爆炸火灾的成功处置最大限度的保护了国家财产,最大限度地减少了其对生态环境的破坏,笔者全程参与了此次事故处置指挥,力求通过总结这次作战行动,侧重从特大石化爆炸火灾事故组织指挥层面提供可供借鉴的经验做法。