火灾统计分析初探

火灾统计分析是将火灾统计数据转变为有效信息的一个环节 ,是为决策提供优质服务的切入点 ,是关系到火灾统计工作能否真正发挥对消防管理工作的“指示仪”、“校正器”作用的关键。文章叙述了火灾统计分析的一些相关内容 ,并就改进火灾统计分析进行了探讨。     

火灾统计工作中存在的问题及其对策

本文结合重庆市火灾统计工作实际,简要剖析在火灾统计工作中普遍存在的问题,并提出解决问题的对策。     

树状小波与多尺度估计理论的图像融合技术

针对红外和可见光图像的特点及相互融合的应用,提出一种基于树状小波多尺度估计理论的红外与可见光图像融合算法.首先对源图像进行树状小波多尺度分解,依据子图像的信息量得到塔式结构子图像;然后基于不同子图像对应层上的对应像素,根据EM算法估计模型参数,采用SAGE迭代算法优化估计参数得到融合子图像;最后根据小波逆变换获得融合图像.实验结果表明:该融合算法能够更好地综合利用红外图像较好的目标指示特性与可见光图像较清晰的场景信息;性能评估显示:该算法得到的融合图像互信息较文献[5,6]分别提高了49.60%和24.90%,均方根误差分别减小了66.40%和56.00%.     

混响背景下基于高阶统计量的动目标检测方法

针对混响背景中的动目标检测问题，根据基阵接收数据经过波束形成与匹配滤波后的输出结果计算高阶统计量，并将其视作观测空间。基于此空间中混响和目标回波的差异，利用多ping的高阶统计量构造特征向量，计算特征向量之间的马氏距离作为混响和目标差异的量化标准，再依据最大一致条件功效检测准则选择门限检测方法。波形数据仿真与海上实录数据检验均表明该方法的检测性能优于单ping波束形成及匹配滤波方法。通过蒙特卡洛仿真获得不同信混比下的ROC曲线，与单ping检测相比，在保证虚警概率小于0.01，检测概率大于0.5的条件下，最小可检测信混比降低约6dB。     

基于新消防法探析火灾事故调查工作

随着经济社会的高速发展，科学技术的突飞猛进，致灾因素随之剧增，火灾起数呈逐年上升趋势，而由于火灾事故调查结论引发的社会争议和种种诉讼越来越多，群众来信和上访逐年增多。结合新《消防法》对火灾事故调查工作的要求，从火灾原因认定、火灾损失统计和火灾事故处理三个层面上提出加强火灾调查工作的一些做法。     

一种改进的无参考图像质量评估算法

无参考图像质量评估方法一直是图像质量研究所关注的重点。本文针对无参考图像质量评估问题，在当前被广泛接受的 DIIVINE 图像质量评估方法基础上进行了深入的研究，研究发现经典的 DIIVINE 方法中使用了过多的统计特征量，由于统计量无差别的使用影响了方法的预测性能。基于此，利用主成分分析（PCA）算法对该特征向量进行降维，得到“精简的特征向量”，用此向量可以达到更好的分类性能和评估性能。试验证明，在图像数据库上，该算法表现出较好的预测性能，其性能优于其他主流的无参考图像评估算法。     

《军械工程学院学报》（自然科学版）1989—2001年载文信息的统计分析

以《军械工程学院学报》 (自然科学版 ) 1989- 2 0 0 1年发表的 74 0篇论文为统计样本 ,对其载文信息进行统计分析。得到载文总量 ,平均年载文量 ,平均期载文量 ,篇均页码 ,信息密度 ,发文时滞 ,基金论文率等指标值 ,从一个侧面反映了学院的科研学术成果和《学报》的学术质量     

基于多元统计的空中目标区分方法

现代战争中的空情信息复杂多变,如何对空中目标合理地区分,以提取其主要信息,是空情信息处理的一个重要方面。基于多元统计的思想,采用聚类分析和判别分析的方法,对空中目标进行区分、辨别,以此为指挥人员提供作战决策的依据。     

Dynamic signatures and their use in comparing the reliability of new and used systems

The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]^n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

Consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system with exchangeable components

As a generalization of k‐out‐of‐n:F and consecutive k‐out‐of‐n:F systems, the consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system consists of n linearly ordered components such that the system fails iff there are m consecutive components which include among them at least k failed components. In this article, the reliability properties of consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F systems with exchangeable components are studied. The bounds and approximations for the survival function are provided. A Monte Carlo estimator of system signature is obtained and used to approximate survival function. The results are illustrated and numerics are provided for an exchangeable multivariate Pareto distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009