Turkey-Africa alliance: Evolving patterns in security relations

ABSTRACT

Turkey has maintained its strategic relations with Africa at the highest level under recent AK Party governments in the field not only of low politics but also of high politics. For example, it opened its largest overseas military base in Somalia in 2017 and signed military, defense and security pacts with more than 25 African countries. This article traces the deep historical and cultural relations with Africa behind its newly evolving foreign policy identity, arguing that its booming economic power has been a significant driving force in shaping a new security strategy. It examines what the growing security involvement means for both Turkey and Africa in order to contribute to the relevant literature through a holistic approach from both theoretical and conceptual perspectives.     

Greek response to the Cyprus invasion

The contemporary history of three countries was marked on July 1974 when the Greek colonels overthrew the legitimate government of Cyprus, Turkey invaded the island to preserve her interests and Greece returned to democracy, but withdrew from NATO. The apathy of her allies was a bitter experience for Greece, considering that the government in Athens was struggling to cope with the consequences of the invasion and Turkey's aggression, as well as with the diplomatic isolation caused by the seven-year dictatorial rule. This paper examines the response of the Greek government and makes particular reference to Karamanlis's archives and Greek parliamentary proceedings. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether Greece was genuinely committed to the settlement of the Cyprus issue and failed due to lack of support or simply ignored the appeals of the Cypriot people and pursued more vital foreign policy objectives, thus contributing to the partition of the island.     

Cognitivism,prospect theory,and foreign policy change: a comparative analysis of the politics of counterinsurgency in Malaya and Afghanistan

This article investigates the cognitive limitations on policy change in counterinsurgency (COIN) efforts by examining why American decision-makers failed to revise their government strategy substantially while fighting the insurgency in Afghanistan in 2003–2014 and why their British counterparts were more successful in adjusting their policies in the Malayan insurgency in 1948–1954. Unlike most of the COIN literature that concentrates on military strategy and tactics, the analysis of government policy-making in Malaya holds some important political lessons for American leaders today despite differences between the insurgencies in Afghanistan and British Malaya. As a response to the criticism of COIN studies in general that they lack theoretical guidance, this article utilizes an integrated cognitivist-prospect theory framework. It is argued that some of the COIN literature mistakenly suggests that a more difficult strategic situation was primarily responsible for American failure in Afghanistan. Instead, American decision-makers faced a more difficult task cognitively than their British counterparts, as policy change in Afghanistan would have required greater ideational change. American principals were much more attached to their beliefs emotionally, had no alternative problem representation, and had to shift between frames in order to engineer a response that was more in line with events on the ground in Afghanistan. Regarding prospect theory, findings indicate that gains frames appear to be unhelpful in monitoring progress until catastrophic failure endangers the reference point, and that decision-makers often have more than one reference point to attune their policies to, which often results in suboptimal choices with regard to at least one reference point.     

真实性语言实践活动对大学生外语交际策略和听说能力的影响

外语交际能力是社会所需高水平复合应用型人才应具备的素养。本研究考察真实性语言应用实践活动对非英语专业大学生外语交际策略和听说能力的影响。通过对比研究发现,学生参加了真实性语言应用实践活动后,其交际策略使用情况得到改善,更倾向于使用积极交际策略,消极策略的使用频率明显减少;听说水平整体得到提高;寻找机会说英语的主动性增强。因此,真实性语言应用实践活动有助于大学生提高外语交际能力,提高社会所需整体应用能力素养。     

外军军官职业教育对武警初级指挥院校任职教育的启示

外军军官职业教育课程设置强调实用性、针对性,重视实践环节,与部队联系紧密。武警初级指挥学院任职教育要加大实用性,完善实践环节,拓展交流渠道,突出特色教学,全面提升教育质量。     

中国反垄断法的若干问题探析

反垄断的法律环境与立法例之选择,中国反垄断法的基本性质,反垄断法立法中的行政性垄断问题。     

循环经济立法研究

通过分析循环经济的内涵,介绍外国循环经济立法发展模式,结合我国循环经济立法现状,提出我国应抓紧时间制定具有我国特色的循环经济法,建立循环型社会。     

关于军事立法原则的思考

军事立法原则是军事立法中的重要理论问题。目前,我国军事法学著作对这一问题存在着理论上的分歧。我国军事立法原则应当包括:维护国家军事利益原则;保障高度集中统一原则;军事法制统一原则。     

地炮火控系统的现状及发展概况

简述了数字化战场的特点,分析了地炮射击指挥系统数字化改造的必要性;介绍了国外地炮射击指挥系统数字化所采用的关键技术与设备;分析了国外地炮射击指挥系统的发展趋势.     

The symbolic politics of ballistic missile defense: seeking the perfect defense in an imperfect world

Ballistic missile defense (BMD) politics present an interesting evolution in how the USA, especially Congress, has come to think about BMD both as operational reality and as a symbolic policy. The argument here is that BMD's operational reality is increasingly overshadowed by its symbolic aspects. Such a status arose from rapidly changing international and domestic politics. The end result is a situation in which BMD policy in a sense floats above the question of its actual combat effectiveness. Its primary mission in part is sustaining US capacity to remain a global power and support its allies.