A usable past: a contemporary approach to history for the Western profession of arms

The most effective way for the Western profession of arms to use history is to disavow the purism and narrow specialisation of today’s academia in favour of developing a contemporary approach to the subject. The latter aims to foster a range of applied diagnostic skills that transcend the temporal dimensions of past, present, and future. A contemporary approach to history for military professionals emphasises the use of inter-disciplinary war studies to enhance policy relevance. In any defense and security organisation, history must be usable in the sense of providing cognitive and interpretative skills for probing relationships between possibility and actuality, between experience and expectation, and between singularity and repetition. Using history to examine such dialectical interconnections is particularly valuable when military establishments confront their essential task of analyzing emerging trends in the future of war.     

自动化武器的发展及对未来战争的影响

在信息技术和生命技术革命的双重影响下，人工智能发展突飞猛进，剧烈改变着现代军事技术发展方向。战争形态由信息化逐步向智能化转变。自动化武器作为智能化装备重要的组成部分，其发展经历了三级进阶，愈发趋向人机一体和全自主化方向改变。这种发展趋势对引领未来战争产生重要而深远的影响。伴随着武器无人化、智能化、自主化的发展趋向，如何有效研发、利用、管控自动化武器成为未来无人化战争的重要议题。同时世界各国对自动化武器的研发部署也加剧了国际军控的紧张，特别是致命性自主武器的出现将有可能对战争伦理和法律构成前所未有的挑战，这将成为国际社会必须认真审视的问题。     

The ‘first’ surge: the repulse of the Easter Invasion in South Vietnam, 1972 – implications for Iraq and Afghanistan

In a military intervention, do surges work? I compare the failed ‘surge’ in Vietnam, the repulse of the Easter Invasion in 1972, as a means of assessing the more ambiguous surges in Iraq and Afghanistan. I identify four features of a surge for this analysis: the military dimensions and strategy of the surging forces, the military capabilities of the host forces, the political vitality and will of the host country, and the political commitment in the domestic politics of the intervener. I find that the last feature is the most critical; and, in all three surges, the American political commitment was lacking.     

Surrogate warfare: the art of war in the 21st century?

Airpower, drones and cyber-weapons are employed by states in conjunction with local armed non-state actors in an effort to coercively intervene in the crises of the twenty-first century. While the externalization of the burden of warfare is a return to pre-modern war, it is the change in the underlying socio-political relations between the state and its military agent that is a novel phenomenon in surrogate warfare. This article demonstrates that in a post-Westphalian era characterized by non-state violence, globalized conflicts, a prioritization of risk management in a mediatized environment, the state has to explore new ways to remain relevant as the primary communal security provider. Thereby, the organization of violence has departed from the employment of the state’s soldier as the primary bearer of the burden of warfare to a mode of war where technological and human surrogates enable the state to manage the risks of post-modern conflict remotely. In this article, we conceptually explore surrogate warfare as a socio-political phenomenon within the context of globalized, privatized, securitized and mediatized war.     

共址调频和调幅系统干扰机理及干扰抑制需求分析

以调幅和调频电台为研究对象,对共平台接收电台前端低噪声放大器的非线性进行精确建模,分别对调幅电台和调频电台的干扰抑制需求进行解析,并通过数值仿真对解析模型进行验证。结果表明:所提解析模型较现有模型更为准确;当有用信号功率、噪声功率和干扰功率相同时,调幅通信系统的干扰抑制需求高于调频通信系统。     

Dynamic signatures and their use in comparing the reliability of new and used systems

The signature of a system with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes is a vector whose ith element is the probability that the ith component failure is fatal to the system. System signatures have been found to be quite useful tools in the study and comparison of engineered systems. In this article, the theory of system signatures is extended to versions of signatures applicable in dynamic reliability settings. It is shown that, when a working used system is inspected at time t and it is noted that precisely k failures have occurred, the vector s [0,1]^n‐k whose jth element is the probability that the (k + j)th component failure is fatal to the system, for j = 1,2,2026;,n ‐ k, is a distribution‐free measure of the design of the residual system. Next, known representation and preservation theorems for system signatures are generalized to dynamic versions. Two additional applications of dynamic signatures are studied in detail. The well‐known “new better than used” (NBU) property of aging systems is extended to a uniform (UNBU) version, which compares systems when new and when used, conditional on the known number of failures. Sufficient conditions are given for a system to have the UNBU property. The application of dynamic signatures to the engineering practice of “burn‐in” is also treated. Specifically, we consider the comparison of new systems with working used systems burned‐in to a given ordered component failure time. In a reliability economics framework, we illustrate how one might compare a new system to one successfully burned‐in to the kth component failure, and we identify circumstances in which burn‐in is inferior (or is superior) to the fielding of a new system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

集中式组网雷达假目标干扰建模

针对集中式组网雷达数据处理算法的薄弱环节,通过对集中式组网雷达假目标干扰问题的研究,建立了密集假目标干扰、航迹扰乱干扰和航迹欺骗干扰三类假目标干扰模型。首先介绍了集中式组网雷达的数据处理算法,分析了这种算法对于假目标干扰的薄弱环节,针对薄弱环节提出了上述三种假目标干扰类型。然后给出了这三种类型假目标干扰的概念、产生方法、数学模型和运用方式;最后分析了组网雷达的抗干扰措施对于假目标干扰的影响。     

基于数字信道化的极微弱信号载波频率引导模块设计与实现

针对深空探测中常规点数的FFT无法对极微弱信号进行精确的频率引导,而超长点数的FFT无法用现有器件实现,提出一种基于数字信道化的并行FFT频率引导方法.接收信号先经过数字信道化处理,均匀划分为若干窄带信号,然后分别对各子带信号进行FFT运算,最后通过对各子带有效谱线的联合检测完成载波频率的精确估计.在等效219点FFT的频率引导模块FPGA实现中,通过FFT模块的复用节约了硬件资源开销.测试结果表明:在8MHz采样率下该模块的测频精度小于10Hz.     

基于HLA的电子战飞机作战仿真系统研究

目前电子战飞机战术使用方法仿真研究主要采用功能级仿真的方法,以雷达方程和干扰方程为理论基础,围绕侦察接收机和干扰机部分功能或部分工作参数进行建模,不能满足组建完整的"系统—系统"级作战仿真的要求,同时也达不到信号级建模仿真的精度和逼真度。针对上述问题,采用信号级仿真的方法,根据当前仿真技术的发展以及航空作战对电子战的新要求,提出并设计了基于HLA的电子战飞机作战仿真系统,并对各联邦成员的构成、开发过程以及关键技术进行了研究,最后以一个电子战飞机随队干扰作战仿真为例,系统分析了基于HLA的电子战飞机作战仿真系统的开发过程。仿真结果验证了模型和方法的有效性,可为电子战飞机作战系统作战效能的分析评估提供平台和依据,对于指导电子战飞机的战术使用具有积极意义。     

太空战及其对未来作战的影响

详细地叙述了太空战以及太空战对未来战争的影响。谁占据了太空,谁就能控制全球。太空战的出现将对未来的军事作战理论、武器装备的发展及技术走向产生深远的影响。