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We study a stochastic outpatient appointment scheduling problem (SOASP) in which we need to design a schedule and an adaptive rescheduling (i.e., resequencing or declining) policy for a set of patients. Each patient has a known type and associated probability distributions of random service duration and random arrival time. Finding a provably optimal solution to this problem requires solving a multistage stochastic mixed‐integer program (MSMIP) with a schedule optimization problem solved at each stage, determining the optimal rescheduling policy over the various random service durations and arrival times. In recognition that this MSMIP is intractable, we first consider a two‐stage model (TSM) that relaxes the nonanticipativity constraints of MSMIP and so yields a lower bound. Second, we derive a set of valid inequalities to strengthen and improve the solvability of the TSM formulation. Third, we obtain an upper bound for the MSMIP by solving the TSM under the feasible (and easily implementable) appointment order (AO) policy, which requires that patients are served in the order of their scheduled appointments, independent of their actual arrival times. Fourth, we propose a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate the relative gap between the MSMIP upper and lower bounds. Finally, in a series of numerical experiments, we show that these two bounds are very close in a wide range of SOASP instances, demonstrating the near‐optimality of the AO policy. We also identify parameter settings that result in a large gap in between these two bounds. Accordingly, we propose an alternative policy based on neighbor‐swapping. We demonstrate that this alternative policy leads to a much tighter upper bound and significantly shrinks the gap. 相似文献
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对贫困大学生心理健康教育的思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
贫困大学生不仅经济上困难,而且还存在许多心理问题。研究高校贫困大学生的心理状况,并对他们进行心理健康教育,可为高校教育工作的针对性和有效性提供帮助。 相似文献
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可测性指标是开展可测性设计、验证和评估的依据.针对传统可测性指标主要用于故障可检测性和故障可隔离性水平评价,不能全面反映面向装备健康管理可测性水平的问题,在定性分析装备健康管理对可测性的本质需求基础上,从全域和瞬态角度提出了五个可测性指标以定量描述面向装备健康管理的可测性水平;并基于故障模式状态矢量给出了可测性指标的分析计算流程.最后以某装备柴油机的机体子系统为案例详细说明了可测性指标的计算过程,应用结果表明所提指标具有一定的可行性和合理性,可以有效指导面向装备健康管理的可测性优化设计. 相似文献
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AbstractThe utilization of health care services by veterans has received much attention in recent years. However, the impact of the large array of factors affecting the veterans’ demand for health care services remains understudied. These factors include individual socio-demographic and economic characteristics, the availability of various sources of health insurance, and the prevalence of medical conditions. We use public data to analyze how veterans’ utilization of health care services varies with these factors. We also analyze how the reliance on VA services varies when alternative sources of health insurance are available to veterans. Based on the estimated relationships, we use a micro-simulation model to forecast future health care utilization, both inside and outside of VA. 相似文献
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A dynamic multi-stage decision-theoretic approach is introduced to establish the optimal offset and its incidence, the contract price arising from bargaining, and the scale of the acquisition. A new rationale is suggested for offsets in terms of their role as an insurance devise. Results are derived for the pricing of delivery contracts subject to offset claims and their national security implications. It is shown that the national security is strictly convex in the offset transaction. As to the incidence of the offset, the offset claim is shown to be capitalised in the delivery price. The bargaining price is shown to depend on the value of the product to be delivered for the national security, the relative negotiation power of the contracting partners and the social cost of public funds. The analysis highlights the expectation effects of offsets on the bargaining price and the scale of delivery. The results aid in explaining why offsets are widely used in procurement contracts for defence materiel. As they contribute to the national security, they should be allowed to survive and not be denied under competition laws. 相似文献
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为实现脉搏、呼吸、血压等重要生理信号的连续运动监测,研制了一种基于压电薄膜传感器的穿戴式健康监测体域网系统。体域网系统利用放置于弹性织物(腰带、腕带)内部的压电薄膜传感器获取人体脉搏波、呼吸波等生理信号。根据压电薄膜传感器监测到的呼吸信号的几何特征提出一种状态识别算法,可区分站立、走、跑、坐、躺、睡眠等状态。利用脉搏波传导时间与血压的关系计算佩戴者的收缩压和舒张压,实现无压迫血压监测。系统通过蓝牙实现体域网节点的互通信,利用穿戴显示设备和移动终端实现数据显示,实现了脉搏、呼吸、血压的连续运动监测。 相似文献
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现有的网络事件关联系统主要存在以下不足:各被管设备感知的大量告警事件全部传送到管理端处理,会带来很多传输与事件管理问题;现有的网络事件关联方法很不成熟,一般只涉及底层协议告警事件的关联.在分析网络告警与故障关系的基础上,提出了一种在设备这一级驻留代理,采用贝叶斯网络推理技术完成包括应用层告警事件在内的本地告警事件纵向关联方法.并在描述协议栈各层协议实体模型的基础上,给出了利用AdventNet API和ebayes进行系统具体实现的方法. 相似文献
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和淑绵 《中国人民武装警察部队学院学报》2014,(5):91-93
未就业随军配偶的社会保险存在着险种少、标准低、接续难等问题,使未就业随军配偶的社会保险权益受到损害。分析当前未就业随军配偶社会保险存在的问题,提出随军未就业配偶社会保险问题的解决路径。 相似文献
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