民用炸药生产的消防安全管理

分析了现阶段民用炸药生产的特性,提出民爆企业生产中防火、防爆的消防管理措施。根据炸药生产工序的相对稳定性,做好事故预防,加强生产中的消防安全管理。     

船舶火灾特性及其预防对策

随着国际贸易不断增多,作为运输重要手段的航运业也呈现迅猛发展态势,与此同时各类船舶火灾事故的数量和财产损失也在不断攀升。这些火灾主要呈现出火灾荷载量较大,蔓延速度快,电气线路复杂,线路铺设混乱,散热、排烟困难,监管盲区较多,人员消防安全意识淡薄等特性。要有效防控船舶火灾,需要加强船员消防安全培训和船舶消防设施的建设,强化船舶消防安全监管和建立＂人、物、机＂一体的火灾监控体系。     

雷达幅频特性的智能化测量

作者将袖珍计算机应用于雷达天线控制系统频域特性的测量当中,研制了雷0达幅频特性智能化测量仪器。本文介绍了测试仪的硬件、软件系统和可靠性与维修性设计考虑,讨论了主要电路的设计,该测试仪器已成功地应用于炮瞄雷达的性能测量。     

根据教员工作特点科学管理教员队伍

通过科学分析教员队伍的工作特点,探索教员队伍管理的规律,结合本系实际,提出采取"4种形象"教育,以教育为主,以调动积极性为主,以发挥教员主观能动性为主,建设一直政治合格、思想稳定、年龄和知识结构合理、具有较高教学和科研能力的教员队伍的改革措施.     

含能材料激光点火特征研究

对激光点燃含能材料的机理进行了理论分析 ,提出利用激光点燃含能材料时 ,材料表面温度变化计算方法 ;依据理论分析和试验结果 ,说明了激光密度、激光脉冲宽度对炸药材料点火温度影响特性。     

易燃液体三元混合物闪点自燃点实验研究

利用自动低温闭口闪点测定仪、自动引燃温度测定仪对醇、酮、酯等不同情况下组成的三元混合液体的闪点、自燃点变化规律进行了实验研究,采用Taylor多项式,拟合出了三元混合液体闪点、自燃点随组分配比变化的经验计算公式,并通过实验数据对其进行了验证。     

Experimental investigation on enhanced damage to fuel tanks by reactive projectiles impact

Enhanced damage to the full-filled fuel tank,impacted by the cold pressed and sintered PTFE/AL/W reactive material projectile(RMP)with a density of 7.8 g/cm3,is investigated experimentally and theoretically.The fuel tank is a rectangular structure,welded by six pieces of 2024 aluminum plate with a thickness of 6 mm,and filled with RP-3 aviation kerosene.Experimental results show that the kerosene is ignited by the RMP impact at a velocity above 1062 m/s,and a novel interior ignition phenomenon which is closely related to the rupture effect of the fuel tank is observed.However,the traditional steel projectile with the same mass and dimension requires a velocity up to 1649 m/s to ignite the kerosene.Based on the experimental results,the radial pressure field is considered to be the main reason for the shear failure of weld.For mechanism considerations,the chemical energy released by the RMP enhances the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)effect and provides additional ignition sources inside the fuel tank,thereby enhancing both rupture and ignition effects.Moreover,to further understand the enhanced ignition effect of RMP,the reactive debris temperature inside the kerosene is analyzed theoretically.The initiated reactive debris with high temperature provides effective interior ignition sources to ignite the kerosene,resulting in the enhanced ignition of the kerosene.     

The effect of al particle size on thermal decomposition,mechanical strength and sensitivity of Al/ZrH2/PTFE composite

To study the thermal decomposition of Al/ZrH2/PTFE with different Al particle size as well as mechanical strength and impact sensitivity under medium and low strain rates, molding-vacuum sintering was adopted to prepare four groups of power materials and cylindrical specimens with different Al particle size. The active decomposition temperature of ZrH2 was obtained by TG-DSC, and the quasi-static me-chanics/reaction characteristics as well as the impact sensitivity of the specimen were studied respec-tively by quasi-static compression and drop-hammer test. The results show that the yield strength of the material decreased with the increase of the Al particle size, while the compressive strength, failure strain and toughness increased first and then decreased, which reached the maximum values of 116.61 MPa, 191％, and 119.9 MJ/m respectively when the Al particle size is 12—14μm because of particle size grading. The specimens with the highest strength and toughness formed circumferential open cracks and reacted partly when pressed. Those with developmental cracks formed inside did not react. It is considered that fracture of specimens first triggered initial reaction between Al and PTFE to release an amount of heat. Then ZrH2 was activated and decomposed, and participated in subsequent reaction to generate ZrC. The impact sensitivity of the specimens decreased with the increase of Al particle size.     

Pressure relief of underground ammunition storage under missile accidental ignition

Safety of underground ammunition storage is an important issue, especially during the accidental ignition of missiles. This work investigates the pressure and temperature distribution of the multi-layer underground ammunition storage with a pressure relief duct during the accidental ignition process of the missile. A large-scale experiment was carried out using a multi-layered restricted space with a pressure relief duct to simulate the underground ammunition store and a solid rocket motor to simulate the accidental ignition of the missile. The results show that when the motor gas mass flow increased by 5.6 times, the maximum pressure of the ammunition storage increased by 5.87 times. At a certain motor flow rate, when the pressure relief exhaust area at the end of the relief duct was reduced by 1/2, the maximum pressure on the first layer did not change. But the rate of pressure relief was reduced and the time delayed for the pressure of ammunition store to drop to zero. In this experiment, when the motor ignition position was located in to the third layer ammunition chamber, the maximum pressure was reduced by 32.9％ and also reduced the rate of change of pressure. In addition, for the experimental conditions, the theoretical analysis of the pressure relief of the ammunition storage is given by a simplified model. Based on the findings, some suggestions to the safety protection design of ammunition store are proposed.     

机动管线水顶油排空油水混合物切割工艺研究

排空是机动管线的一项经常性作业。在水顶油排空过程中,不可避免地会产生混油,因此混油的切割工艺尤为关键。通过对机动管线水顶油排空作业终端混油切割流程、设备操作的分析,提出了采用1个三通球阀代替2个闸阀的切割流程,自行搭建了实验平台,测量了三通球阀的流动特性,论证了三通球阀作为机动管线混油切割阀的可行性。实验表明,新流程的使用降低了切割操作难度,提高了切割作业的快速性和准确性。