高速行进坦克身管速度对射击精度影响

坦克在高速行进时,由于路面谱等外部激励的影响,车体姿态和运动状态都会发生变化。由于车体的振动和随动系统的控制误差等,致使坦克火炮在射击时身管前端存在一定的速度扰动。原有解命中问题的条件中未考虑这一速度扰动的影响,使得坦克在高速行进条件下的目标提前点预测产生误差。通过建立外弹道模型,较准确地仿真分析了这一误差的大小和对射击精度的影响。     

海水声速快速高精度测量方法

为实现对海水声速快速、高精度的测量,采用一种系统结构简单的声速测量方案。通过连续波信号参数估计的方法实现了对声传播时间和声速值的测量。采用伪随机序列对连续波进行调制处理,解决了单频连续波信号在测量中存在的整周期模糊与回波干扰问题。通过构建声速试验平台,进行了系统校准与测量试验。试验结果表明该方法具有测量精度高、响应快速的优点,适合于在水下机动平台上对海洋声速剖面进行快速、高精度的测量。     

声速有限条件下的纯方位方法

针对纯方位条件下对等速直航目标运动要素的观测问题,考虑声音在海水中传播时间的作用,建立了计算可观测目标方位的解析公式。基于平均声速为有限常数的假设,证明了即使观测站静止,运动要素也一般是可观测的。在观测误差为独立同分布零均值正态随机误差的假设条件下,证明了由方位观测误差的最小二乘法给出的估计为极大似然估计。仿真实验表明,观测站转向及直航机动条件下此方法对应的目标运动要素的观测度较传统方法有显著改进。     

Effect of the end cap on the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge

The prediction of the fragment velocity distribution of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps is one of the key issues to assess the damage efficiency of the warhead. However, limited work has been con-ducted to predict the fragment velocity distributions along the axis of cylindrical cased charges with end caps. This paper presents a study of the velocity distribution of fragments caused by the explosion of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps. The fragment velocity distribution and the end cap velocity were determined by an X-ray radiography method, and the axial fragment distribution was determined by witness plates. It was found that the velocities of fragments, especially near the edge, were increased when the end caps were added, and the position of maximum velocity is closer to the non-detonation end. The fragment velocities were increased, and the fragment projection range was decreased with the increase of the thickness of the end cap. A formula for fragment velocity distributions of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps, which is based on Huang's formula, was proposed by the theoretical analysis and data fitting and validated experimentally. The results indicate that the proposed formula is accurate in predicting the fragment velocity distribution along the axis of a cylindrical cased charge with end caps detonated at one end.     

高空气球地面充氦气量计算方法分析与试验评估

作为高空气球研究中的一个重要问题,气球在地面发放前充入的氦气量会直接影响其上升速度和驻空高度,进而影响平台的可靠性和稳定性。因此研究充氦气量的准确计算方法十分必要。建立了高空气球上升过程动力学模型,计算了气球初始升速的理论值,用于与实际初始升速对比,为评估充氦气量计算方法提供依据。归纳了三种较为典型的高空气球地面充氦气量计算方法,根据实际开展的飞行试验,分析对比了三种方法的准确性和误差范围。提出了浮力补偿规律,完成了对三种方法的评估。通过研究可以对现有充氦气量计算方法进行有效修正,进而为高空气球的实际飞行提供指导。     

一种基于“GM(1,1)”模型的火炮初速灰预测方法

火炮初速量测是火炮进行弹道准备中的一项重要内容,运用灰色理论探讨火炮初速预测问题,既有利于提高火炮射击精度的修正,又有利于进一步完善火炮初速测量雷达的使用操作和改进设计。针对火炮初速随机变化的特点,基于灰色理论中的GM(1,1)模型,构建火炮初速灰预测模型,确定预测结果精度检验方法。最后通过一应用实例验证了该方法具有一定的合理性与实用性。     

阻拦索张力控制方法

飞机阻拦装置是机场保证飞机正常降落和拦阻因意外原因冲出跑道的飞机的重要保障设施。针对现有机械型阻拦装置难以适应未来多种机型阻拦需求的现状,提出一种以阻拦电机为吸能元件的电磁阻拦装置,搭建考虑阻拦索弯折波影响在内的电磁阻拦装置模型,设计电磁阻拦装置的闭环控制算法,并利用仿真进行了验证。     

An investigation on anti-impact and penetration performance of basalt fiber composites with different weave and lay-up modes

The woven basalt fiber composites (WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]_s basalt fiber composites (UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing. Three-point bending test, low velocity impact test, and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites. After the tests, the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology. Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC. Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC, but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC. For the ballistic test, it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests, microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied, and their failure mechanism was discussed. The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage. Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions, the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.     

Interface defeat studies of long-rod projectile impacting on ceramic targets

The interface defeat phenomenon always occurs when a long-rod projectile impacting on the ceramic target with certain velocity, i.e., the projectile is forced to flow radially on the surface of ceramic plates for a period of time without significant penetration. Interface defeat has a direct effect upon the ballistic performance of the armor piercing projectile, which is studied numerically and theoretically at present. Firstly, by modeling the projectiles and ceramic targets with the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) particles and Lagrange finite elements, the systematic numerical simulations on interface defeat are performed with the commercial finite element program AUTODYN. Three different responses, i.e., complete interface defeat, dwell and direct penetration, are reproduced in different types of ceramic targets (bare, buffered, radially confined and oblique). Furthermore, by adopting the validated numerical algorithms, constitutive models and the corresponding material parameters, the influences of projectile (material, diameter, nose shape), constitutive models of ceramic (JH-1 and JH-2 models), buffer and cover plate (thickness, constraints, material), as well as the prestress acted on the target (radial and hydrostatic) on the interface defeat (transition velocity and dwell time) are systematically investigated. Finally, based on the energy conservation approach and taking the strain rate effect of ceramic material into account, a modified model for predicting the upper limit of transition velocity is proposed and validated. The present work and derived conclusions can provide helpful reference for the design and optimization of both the long-rod projectile and ceramic armor.