试论军语演变“三律”

军语的产生、发展和变化，始终受到军事规律、词汇规律和术语规律的影响和制约。这三个方面规律的综合作用，对军语的语形、语义和语用的演变，产生着积极或消极的影响。任何一个军语在任何一个方面的演变，都可以从领域、词汇和术语这三个方面的规律中寻觅其基本成因。     

基于傅立叶图像重建的车用换热器表面缺陷检测?

针对车用换热器表面缺陷检测问题，提出一种利用傅立叶图像重建提取方向纹理表面缺陷的算法。该算法采用局部二值模式（ LBP ）描述去除光照影响并对LBP图像进行快速傅立叶变换，通过频率域滤波和图像重建有效去除方向纹理的影响，由二值化及团块分析最终提取换热器表面缺陷区域。实验结果证明，本文算法可以快速、有效地检测出换热器表面缺陷。     

目标区域局部特征和局部图像质量相结合的激光干扰效果评估

为客观描述光电成像系统激光干扰效果,提出目标区域局部特征和图像质量相结合的干扰效果评估算法。图像的局部特征用特征点描述,图像质量用结构相似度指数描述。该算法利用特征点匹配算法确定场景图像中的目标区域,计算干扰前后目标区域内特征点数量的变化、干扰后目标区域内未饱和面积所占的比重以及目标区域内图像的结构相似度指数,并将上述各参数相乘得到最终的评价指标。利用该方法对典型激光干扰图像进行评估,结果表明:在不同入射功率和不同光斑位置情况下,所提评估指标比单独使用结构相似度的评估指标具有更大的取值范围和更明显的非线性变化特征。这说明:该指标能够反映光电成像系统激光干扰过程的丰富细节,更加适合激光干扰效果的评估。     

Local perceptions of the EU’s role in peacebuilding: The case of security sector reform in Palestine

ABSTRACT

Perception research can make a valuable contribution to the study of the local dimension in EU peacebuilding. The conceptual framework developed in this article distinguishes between perceptions of the “legitimacy,” “effectiveness,” and “credibility” of EU peacebuilding practices, which are crucial factors for successful peacebuilding. Relying on the case of the EU’s support for security sector reform (SSR) in Palestine, this article shows that local stakeholders—which participate in various EU-sponsored training and capacity-building programs—display considerable support for liberal peacebuilding norms. Yet, perceived discrepancies between the EU’s peacebuilding rhetoric and its SSR activities have severely undermined the potential of the EU’s liberal peacebuilding model in the eyes of Palestinian stakeholders. Critical local perceptions are frequently articulated with reference to the EU’s own liberal peacebuilding discourse, pointing to a lack of inclusiveness of the SSR process and deficits in terms of democratic governance and the rule of law.     

The limits of technocracy and local encounters: The European Union and peacebuilding

ABSTRACT

This article is the conclusion to a special issue that examines the European Union (EU), peacebuilding, and “the local.” It argues that technocracy—particularly EU technocracy—shapes the extent to which local actors can hope to achieve ownership of externally funded and directed peace support projects and programs. Although some actors within the EU have worked hard to push localization agendas, a number of technocracy linked factors come together to limit the extent to which the EU can truly connect with the local level in its peace support activities. While the EU and other international actors have invested heavily into capacity building in conflict-affected contexts, the EU’s own capacity has not necessarily been built to address the scalar problem of accessing the local in ways that are meaningful.     

基于比较语言的军民融合式装备维修保障风险评估

针对地方维修商参与部队装备维修保障给军方带来诸多风险的问题，系统分析了军民融合式装备维修保障存在的风险因素，提出了一种基于比较语言表达的风险评估模型。将比较语言表达式转换为犹豫模糊语言术语集（HFLTS），并计算出由梯形模糊隶属函数表示的 HFLTS 的模糊包络，最后应用双基点法进行维修商的选择决策。通过实例验证了模型的有效性。     

信源数动态变化的一种稳健超定盲分离算法

针对大多数现有盲分离算法都假定信源数已知,分析了信源数未知且动态变化时的超定盲分离(接收天线数多于信源数)算法,通过奇异值分解在线估计信源个数,并修正自适应神经网络的维数。文章在经典Cichocki-Unbenauen算法中加入动量项,设置可变步长,使分离性能得到较大的改进,同时避免训练陷入局部最小。与文献[1]新提出的ANA算法相比,仿真结果证明本文算法具有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差。     

After ISAF: partners and proxies in Afghanistan after 2014

The conclusion of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) mission in Afghanistan at the end of 2014 has generated substantial uncertainty about the duration and level of international commitment to Afghanistan. The fate of local allies of international forces is therefore deeply in doubt. This article is of necessity speculative rather than empirical, but it attempts to draw on the history of previous intervention in Afghanistan as well as more general patterns of local and external alliance to sketch plausible scenarios for the fate of local allies. It proceeds in four parts. First, it draws distinctions between different types of local allies in Afghanistan based on position and relationship to the Afghan state and an external actor. Second, it examines the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan for relevant lessons for the fate of local allies. Third, it presents a scenario based on the foregoing that assumes there will be an ongoing small but significant international military presence and accompanying resources. Fourth, it presents a scenario that assumes there will be no or minimal international military presence and accompanying resources.     

Reforming the bras tendus? The Congolese National Police reforms, 2003–2016

The security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.     

韩贞的扁舟林聚与他的教育艺术

韩贞将王艮的乐学思想运用于自己的教学实践，他采用“舣舟讲学，编户熏陶”，“结庐湖于，聚徒讲学”、“弦诵吟唱，渔樵问答”等形式进行教学，努力使学生做到“学是乐，乐是学”。他坚持以诚育人，以诚化人，以诚讲学，并根据农村秋成农隙的特点，围绕贴近老百姓日常生活的问题，用老百姓容易理解的语言，举老百姓身边的事例随机指点迷津，取得了惊人的教育效果，受到了学生和平民的普遍欢迎。