坦克直瞄/间瞄射击一体化火控技术

直瞄射击方式是目前坦克采用的主要射击方式。直瞄射击方式受战场通视度及瞄准装置视距的影响,最大射击距离一般在5 km左右。间瞄射击方式不需要直接瞄准目标,不受战场通视度的影响,最大射击距离主要取决于火炮及弹药的性能,一般在10 km以上。未来坦克应具备直瞄射击与间瞄射击一体化能力。通过直瞄/间瞄射击火控技术的对比与分析,提出坦克直瞄/间瞄射击一体化火控方案。一体化火控具有新的技术特色,具有更强的综合作战能力,是未来坦克火控技术发展的一种趋势。     

三机协同无源时差定位最优编队构型分析

针对未来空战中航空集群协同无源时差定位编队构型确定问题,提出了一种确定三机协同无源时差定位最优编队构型的方法。分析了确定集群编队构型的基本原理;归纳了4个三机编队构型决定因素:主辅机相对位置、基线夹角、基线距离以及主辅机高度差;将定位区域范围和定位距离作为衡量集群无源定位编队构型优劣的指标,并进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明:在火控引导阶段,当采用主机在后、辅机在前,基线夹角为150°,基线距离为60 km~80 km,主机与目标同高度且主辅机之间高度差为±(1-2)km的编队构型时,三机协同无源时差定位编队构型为最优。     

Budget allocation,national security,military intelligence,and human capital: a dynamic model

This study develops a dynamic model that integrates military intelligence into the defense capability of the country and the optimal allocation of its government budget. We assert that the effectiveness of the country’s military intelligence is contingent on the quality of its human capital, which, in turn, implies a long-term positive relationship between the government’s various civilian expenditures and its capacity to achieve a cost-effective intelligence and, hence, military capability. This relationship is developed within a multiple-period arms race model between two rivals. Using this model and stylized data for the Israeli–Syrian arms race, we show that an appropriate budget shift from defense to civilian expenditures during the initial periods of the planning horizon will gradually (over a decade, say) increase the quality of human capital in the country and, thus, the effectiveness of its intelligence, which, in turn, will increase the country’s future security and welfare.     

改进遗传算法求解电力网攻击无人机分队任务分配

遗传算法因其出色的寻优能力,自提出后就被广泛用于工程技术上的最优化问题求解。根据电力网攻击无人机分队任务分配的实际需要,提出基于遗传算法思想的解决方案,并在原算法基础上,采用种群分组进化的策略进行改进。详细介绍算法的基本原理和仿真步骤,再举出实际算例进行仿真,实验结果证明算法的改进取得了良好效果。     

A learning tabu search for a truck allocation problem with linear and nonlinear cost components

The two‐level problem studied in this article consists of optimizing the refueling costs of a fleet of locomotives over a railway network. The goal consists of determining: (1) the number of refueling trucks contracted for each yard (truck assignment problem denoted TAP) and (2) the refueling plan of each locomotive (fuel distribution problem denoted FDP). As the FDP can be solved efficiently with existing methods, the focus is put on the TAP only. In a first version of the problem (denoted (P1)), various linear costs (e.g., fuel, fixed cost associated with each refueling, weekly operating costs of trucks) have to be minimized while satisfying a set of constraints (e.g., limited capacities of the locomotives and the trucks). In contrast with the existing literature on this problem, two types of nonlinear cost components will also be considered, based on the following ideas: (1) if several trucks from the same fuel supplier are contracted for the same yard, the supplier is likely to propose discounted prices for that yard (Problem (P2)); (2) if a train stops too often on its route, a penalty is incurred, which represents the dissatisfaction of the clients (Problem (P3)). Even if exact methods based on a mixed integer linear program formulation are available for (P1), they are not appropriate anymore to tackle (P2) and (P3). Various methods are proposed for the TAP: a descent local search, a tabu search, and a learning tabu search (LTS). The latter is a new type of local search algorithm. It involves a learning process relying on a trail system, and it can be applied to any combinatorial optimization problem. Results are reported and discussed for a large set of instances (for (P1), (P2), and (P3)), and show the good performance of LTS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:32–45, 2015     

电传动装甲车辆电源系统建模与仿真

电源系统是电传动装甲车辆的核心,对其进行建模与仿真研究具有重要意义。电源系统的非线性特性导致了建模困难、模型精度低以及模型实用性差等难题,针对不同的部件特性采取不同的方法建立其仿真模型,完成了基于模糊控制的系统多目标优化功率分配策略研究。并在此基础上进行了部件和系统两个层次的仿真试验,证明所建模型能够较好地反映电传动车辆电源系统的工作特性。     

面向任务的有人机/无人机协同对地攻击概率模型

有人机/无人机协同对地攻击是未来空对地打击的主要作战样式,如何评估其协同作战的效能是军地双方共同面对的重要课题。首先根据完成对地攻击任务的4个环节建立了对地攻击的总概率模型;然后基于桥联模型建立了各个环节的概率模型;最后给出了一架有人机协同两架无人机对地攻击的算例,并对模型反算、协同与非协同对比以及多波次攻击等问题进行了讨论和分析,验证了模型良好可用性和广泛适用性。     

基于改进平方根UKF双向滤波的单站无源定位算法

针对单站无源定位可观测性弱、观测噪声大而导致的定位精度低、稳定性差和收敛速度慢等问题,在结合平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter,SRUKF)以及后向平滑思想的基础上,提出了一种改进SRUKF的双向滤波算法。该算法采用Q-R分解的形式,使用误差协方差的平方根代替协方差参与递推运算,提高了算法的稳定性与运算效率。同时,该算法对状态向量进行扩维,将过程噪声与观测噪声通过非线性系统传播,降低了噪声对滤波精度的影响,并利用当前时刻滤波结果通过Rauch-Tung-Striebel(RTS)后向平滑得到再次前向滤波更高精度的起始值,提高了算法的定位精度与收敛速度。仿真结果表明,新算法在保证实时性的基础上改善了单站无源定位的性能。     

无源时差定位系统的模糊无解问题

本文对平面三站无源时差定位系统的定位过程中可能出现的无解和模糊现象进行了探讨,找出了无解分布与布站以及观测噪声方差大小之间的规律,得出了模糊分布与布站之间的关系,并提供了一些解决方法。     

基于STK/X的航天器悬停应用仿真技术

针对基于STK/Connect典型模式航天仿真时需要同时启动STK软件的局限,在对STK/X组件技术进行深入研究的基础上,采用基于STK/X的仿真模式,通过STK/X组件提供的接口函数和相关交互命令,将STK引擎集成至航天器悬停应用仿真中,从而实现应用程序对仿真场景的控制与调用,并通过分析处理单元对通过交互所获取的STK场景中仿真数据的处理,对航天器悬停应用仿真效能进行了分析。该集成不仅充分利用了STK强大的轨道仿真能力,还有效提高了仿真程序整体效率。