消防部队火灾扑救和应急救援心理训练实践与探索

消防部队承担着复杂而危险的火灾扑救和应急救援任务，战斗中常会出现各种不良心理，心理素质是影响部队战斗力的重要因素。开展心理素质训练，提高消防官兵心理素质和心理适应能力是一个亟待解决的问题。阐述了消防部队火灾扑救和应急救援工作实际以及有关心理学知识，研究如何开展火灾扑救和应急救援心理训练，提高消防官兵的心理素质和心理适应能力。     

论提高灭火救援组织指挥能力

建设科学合理、准确高效的灭火救援作战组织指挥体系,能提高消防部队的组织指挥的能力,以最快、最有效的方法处置各类事故,真正做到＂拉得出、冲得上、打得赢＂。阐述了建立灭火救援作战组织指挥体系的基本要求,提出了提高灭火救援指挥员指挥水平的对策。     

Combating nuclear smuggling? Exploring drivers and challenges to detecting nuclear and radiological materials at maritime facilities

International concern over nuclear terrorism has grown during the past few decades. This has driven a broad spectrum of efforts to strengthen nuclear security globally, including the widespread adoption of radiation-detection technology for border monitoring. Detection systems are now deployed at strategic locations for the purported purpose of detecting and deterring the smuggling of nuclear and radioactive materials. However, despite considerable investment in this area, few studies have examined how these programs are implemented or the operational challenges they face on a day-to-day basis. This article seeks to address this with a focus on radiation-detection efforts at maritime facilities. Utilizing practitioner interviews and a survey, this article identifies the factors that influence the planning and use of these systems in this fast-moving environment. The results clearly demonstrate that the implementation of these systems varies significantly across different national and organizational contexts, resulting in a fragmented global nuclear-detection architecture, which arguably undermines efforts to detect trafficked nuclear-threat materials. Greater consideration should therefore be given to developing international standards and guidance, designing and adopting tools to support key parts of the alarm assessment process, and broader sharing of good practice.     

海上犯罪案件的特点及侦查方略研究

随着海洋经济的迅速发展，海上人、财、物的流动急剧增加，海上治安形势日趋复杂。海上抢劫、盗窃、偷渡及贩枪贩毒等犯罪活动呈多发态势，这严重破坏了海上的生产作业秩序，危害了海上治安秩序的稳定。研究海上犯罪案件的特，点，有助于公安边防部门采取有针对性的侦查方略，有力地打击海上犯罪，以创造安全、有序的海上治安环境。     

Humanitarians at sea: Selective emulation across migrant rescue NGOs in the Mediterranean sea

Between 2014 and 2017, no less than 10 different non-governmental organizations (NGOs) conducted maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) operations off the coast of Libya. By rescuing over 100,000 migrants in three years, these NGOs became the largest provider of SAR in the Mediterranean. The theory of institutionalism suggests that organizations conducting similar activities are likely to converge in a process of mimetic isomorphism, deliberately imitating one another to increase their effectiveness and cope with uncertainty. These 10 SAR NGOs, however, developed two different rescue models: While some rescued migrants and disembarked them in Italian ports, others only simply assisted those in distress until the arrival of another ship transporting them to land. They also cooperated with Italian and European authorities to different degrees. Why did SAR NGOs imitated many elements of existing non-governmental rescue models, but discarded some others? This article argues that differences in material capabilities and organizational role conceptions are crucial to explain why newer SAR NGOs have imitated most but not all of their predecessors’ policies, engaging in a process of “selective emulation.”     

军队应急救援物资保障系统方法和应用

应急物资是抢险救援得以顺畅、高效实施的物质基础,对于减少损失,提高救援效能发挥着举足轻重的作用,军队作为应急救援的重要力量,在深化改革的新形势下,应紧跟军事后勤发展的新理念、新技术、新方法,聚焦一体化、模块化、多样化、智能化,推进应急救援物资保障向组织指挥军地一体、保障力量模块集成、保障方式灵活多样、技术手段精准智能方向深入发展。     

三合一场所火灾中救人行动探讨

通过对近年来“三合一”场所火灾扑救案例的研究，分析了“三合一”场所火灾的特点及其对实施救人行动的影响，提出了“三合一”场所火灾中实施救人行动的指导原则，对火灾发展各阶段救人行动要点进行了探讨。     

论消防部队在抢险救援中的作用及发展趋势

从消防部队参与社会抢险救援的可行性分析入手，就抢险救援任务类型、模式、处置原则等对消防部队在救援中的影响及救援面临的具体问题进行分析，对消防部队在未来社会抢险救援中多元化的发展趋势进行探讨，并提出拓展消防部队社会应急救援功能的一些建议。     

基于应急救援体系建设的消防战略转型

分析了我国消防事业实现战略转型的迫切原因，阐述了战略转型的路径选择，初步设计了国家应急救援体系框架，并对消防部队战略转型面临的首要任务作了论述。     

高层建筑火灾扑救战斗编成问题研究

高层建筑发生火灾火势蔓延迅速,人员疏散困难,灭火救援人员体力消耗大,火场供水保障困难,通过对高层建筑火灾扑救面临的难点的分析,提出了扑救高层建筑火灾的战斗力量编成模式及注意事项。