Success and failures of the Gripen offsets in the Visegrad Group countries

The Soviet-led Council for Mutual Economic Assistance member, Central European countries found themselves in a difficult political and economic situation after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Three post-Eastern Bloc countries formed the Visegrad Group to strengthen their ties to the West, but the need for foreign investment, job creation and technology transfer was urgent.

This is when military modernisation also came into the picture and the counter-trade—as known as offset—as a tool to help these economies. A trade practice which was meant to energise these economies via defence acquisitions linked economic programmes.

Two Visegrad Group member countries, Hungary and the Czech Republic decided to sign offset agreement with the defence firm SAAB to license Gripen fighter aircrafts. This study intends to analyse if these deals were able to help governments to reach their objectives or the two countries were unable to take advantage of the offset programmes.     

The Anglo-American military relationship: Institutional rules,practices, and narratives

The Anglo-American military relationship is a vital yet neglected area of study. This article argues that the British military have actively cultivated a relationship with the U.S. military that has contributed to the longevity of the broader so-called “Special Relationship,” even in the Trump era. The article contends that the complexities of the military relationship can best be captured by the theoretical lens provided by Lowndes and Roberts that combines different strands of institutionalism to focus on rules, practices, and narratives. The intense linkages between the United States and United Kingdom have become routinized, enabling them to adapt their peacetime cooperation to conflicts, and thereby address post-Cold War security challenges. The article draws upon semi-structured interviews with senior British military officers as well as policy documents to explore how these patterns of collaboration have become ingrained in patterns of both thinking and behavior.     

美国陆军官方网站多模态话语分析与军队形象建构

本文以Kress、Van Leeuwen和 Painter等学者的视觉语法理论为基础，从再现意义、互动意义和构图意义三个方面对美国陆军官方网站“相册”栏目进行多模态话语分析，挖掘网页的符号资源，探寻多模态语篇生成意义、传递信息和构建形象的具体机制。在此基础上，借助Halliday、Hasan、Bateman和Bhatia等学者的多模态语类分析理论，探究模态间的互动关系，分析网页的整体设计、语类特点和宣传手段等。研究发现，该网站通过象征意义、情感互动和显著性差异等手段，影响读者对美军的认知，引导读者对美军产生积极联想，从而回避现实问题，为美军塑造正面形象。在深入发掘网页的交际目的、结构潜势和互动机制的基础上，搭建多模态语类分析框架，揭示军事网站设计和社会文化背景的复杂关系，助力军队形象建设。     

Buy now,pay later: American military intervention and the strategic cost paradox

This paper explores the notion that US efforts to evade the political costs of war paradoxically contribute to the subsequent exacerbation of costs over time. Leaders seek to purchase political capital in the short term by limiting the costs and requirements of military operations, but in doing so cause strategic and political liabilities to mount in the long run. While identification of such behaviour is not new, insufficient attention has been devoted to explaining its causes, dynamics, and manifestations in relation to key decisions on and in war. Evidence derived from studies of recent American discretionary campaigns is analysed to advance an argument with respect to this pattern of self-defeating strategic behaviour.     

美国陆军网络装备作战评估及启示

作战试验能有效地推动装备体系的建设发展，本文通过分析美国陆军网络集成评估与联合作战评估的作战试验特点，提出军队开展装备作战试验的几个建议。首先，总结了美国陆军网络集成评估到联合作战评估的发展演变，主要包括网络集成评估的地位和作用、网络集成评估的实施流程以及13次网络集成评估和3次作战评估的有关情况；其次，分析了网络集成评估的一系列作战试验特点，诸如实际作战需求牵引、逼真场景构建、试训一体化模式、部队战斗力的直接生成以及作战能力的军民融合式发展等；最后，提出了网络集成评估带来的若干启示，从满足实战能力需求开展作战试验、突出装备体系的互操作能力评估、探索试训结合的作战试验模式、组建专门的作战试验部队及鼓励工业部门参与作战试验等方面推动军队作战试验的发展。     

智能化计量管理信息系统设计及应用价值

针对当前军事计量管理信息系统数据类型复杂、可扩展性差和智能化程度低等问题,提出了一种基于大数据的智能化计量管理信息系统。在给出系统总体架构的基础上,介绍了系统实现的关键技术和计量大数据应用价值等内容,该系统的开发和应用,可实现军事计量业务辅助决策、测试设备健康状况分析及质量预测,对推动军事计量技术的提升与发展具有重要意义。     

Being there: US Navy organisational culture and the forward presence debate

ABSTRACT

This article argues that the US Navy’s roles (which have historically been bifurcated between warfighting and political use of force) manifest in its organisational culture as two different concepts of war: the US Navy as diplomatic actor and the US Navy as warfighting force. The conflict between these different concepts of war can be seen in the current debate about the definition and function of presence. The debate about presence is not just theoretical, but represents a deep and enduring conflict within the Navy as an organisation about its concept of war. Since the end of WWII, the Navy has been designing its fleet architecture according to a Mahanian concept of war, despite the preponderance of non-lethal missions and activities. The result is a mismatch between platforms and tasks.     

智能时代的军事训练变革

随着智能技术的发展,人类已逐步迈入智能时代,而智能时代催生了军事训练变革。本文从智能技术影响军事训练典型领域的角度,分析了智能时代背景下,以大数据和人工智能为核心的智能技术,如何影响军事训练的理念、内容、方式及管理,并催生了这些领域的变革。研究表明,智能时代发展背景下,军事训练理念将更加先进,训练内容更加融合,训练方式更加有效,训练管理更加精准。     

军机航电系统实现两级维修的关键技术

简要叙述了航电系统的内涵、维修体制的工作流程及其从三级到两级的变化,着重探讨了航电系统实现两级维修的关键技术,主要包括系统和部件分级技术、智能BIT技术、FMEA技术、维修分析技术.随着航电技术的发展,模块化、综合化、标准化、智能BIT技术和ATE技术的进步,必将设计出满足两级维修体制的航电系统体系结构及其保障系统.     

军队院校人才培养质量保证体系运行研究

基于ISO9000族质量标准的军队院校人才培养质量保证体系，是提高军队院校人才培养质量的重要保证。军队院校人才培养质量保证体系的运行准备、运行机制、运行评价是军队院校人才培养质量保证体系高效运行的关键环节，也是军队院校人才培养质量保证体系发挥作用的重要依托。