噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达技术研究

反舰导弹末制导雷达越来越多地采用单脉冲角跟踪技术,舰艇须结合自身特点,采取有效的对抗措施.针对噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达的可行性进行了分析,建立了噪声干扰模型、角度跟踪误差估算模型和雷达发现概率计算模型,并用Matlab进行仿真验证,得出了噪声干扰通过破坏雷达角跟踪系统而有效干扰单脉冲末制导雷达的结论,并根据所给参数推算出此时所需的干扰机功率大小.     

Influence of high overload on the collimating lenses of laser ranging systems

Collimating lenses are an important component of laser ranging systems, and high overload environments severely affect the beam shaping effect of such lenses. This study proposes a buffer isolation method on the basis of impact stress wave attenuation theory for collimating lens spacers. ANSYS finite element software was applied to simulate the high load dynamics of collimating lenses, and the buffer isolation performance of different materials and composite structures was compared and analysed. Optical simulation analysis of the collimating lenses under different buffer conditions was performed using ZEMAX software to study the mechanism by which a high overload affects the collimating lenses. High overload and optical shaping experiments based on theoretical analysis were further conducted. Results showed the superiority of butadiene rubber to polytetrafluoroethylene after application of 70000 g impact acceleration. The combination-gasket method was superior to the single-gasket method, and the sandwich combination-gasket method was superior to the double-layer combination-gasket method.     

基于电容式噪声传感器的信号调理电路设计

在航空航天的飞行器遥测试验中,大推力火箭和导弹飞行时,由燃气射流引起的噪声会对飞行器的结构以及载荷造成巨大的危害。电容式噪声传感器由于其频率响应范围宽,被广泛应用于飞行试验中。电容式传感器工作时需要用恒压源供电,且其采集的信号受到外界干扰较大,输出电压值不满足大多数模数芯片转换要求。针对以上问题,设计了恒压源供电模块和隔直分压电路、低通滤波电路等调理模块,使其最终输出电压范围在0~2.5 V,满足模数转换芯片的要求。该噪声传感器的信号调理电路可靠性高,已经成功应用于飞行器发射试验中。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的雷达无源定位方法

提出了基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的雷达无源定位技术。利用多无人机平台对雷达网进行航迹欺骗,需要对网内的雷达进行定位以达到精确欺骗干扰的目的。但飞行器在飞行过程量测噪声较高,传统的时差定位方法无法满足定位精度的要求。对于时差定位的非线性时变模型,提出了利用时变扩展卡尔曼滤波对雷达位置进行跟踪定位的方法。仿真结果显示,利用扩展卡尔滤波进行无源定位可以在高噪声背景下有较好的定位精度。     

舰船主动力装置故障隔离与参数估计方法

针对舰船主动力装置结构复杂、故障种类多和系统不确定性等故障诊断问题，提出采用基于双因果键合图模型的定量故障隔离与参数估计方法。根据系统传感器配置方案，建立双因果键合图模型，通过因果路径分析，推导得到系统解析冗余关系，并获得故障特征矩阵。建立系统线性分式变换键合图模型，开展故障仿真，将其与双因果键合图模型耦合，在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行仿真试验，实现了舰船主动力装置的故障隔离与参数估计。结果表明：对双因果键合图模型因果路径分析，可以避免手动推导系统解析冗余关系的繁杂过程；基于其部件构造方程的分析可以有效实现系统故障隔离与参数估计，实时跟踪和预测故障状态。     

A novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,minimum mean square variance criterion and least mean square adaptive filter

Underwater acoustic signal processing is one of the research hotspots in underwater acoustics. Noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals is the key to underwater acoustic signal processing. Owing to the complexity of marine environment and the particularity of underwater acoustic channel, noise reduction of underwater acoustic signals has always been a difficult challenge in the field of underwater acoustic signal processing. In order to solve the dilemma, we proposed a novel noise reduction technique for underwater acoustic signals based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), minimum mean square variance criterion (MMSVC) and least mean square adaptive filter (LMSAF). This noise reduction technique, named CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF, has three main advantages: (i) as an improved algorithm of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD), CEEMDAN can better suppress mode mixing, and can avoid selecting the number of decomposition in variational mode decomposition (VMD); (ii) MMSVC can identify noisy intrinsic mode function (IMF), and can avoid selecting thresholds of different permutation entropies; (iii) for noise reduction of noisy IMFs, LMSAF overcomes the selection of decomposition number and basis function for wavelet noise reduction. Firstly, CEEMDAN decomposes the original signal into IMFs, which can be divided into noisy IMFs and real IMFs. Then, MMSVC and LMSAF are used to detect identify noisy IMFs and remove noise components from noisy IMFs. Finally, both denoised noisy IMFs and real IMFs are reconstructed and the final denoised signal is obtained. Compared with other noise reduction techniques, the validity of CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF can be proved by the analysis of simulation signals and real underwater acoustic signals, which has the better noise reduction effect and has practical application value. CEEMDAN-MMSVC-LMSAF also provides a reliable basis for the detection, feature extraction, classification and recognition of underwater acoustic signals.     

混合隔振系统中电磁作动器的优化设计

由于混合隔振系统中的电磁作动器对电磁力、体积重量、损耗等指标有着严格的限制,因此电磁作动器的优化设计显得十分重要。为此,提出了电磁作动器系统参数(包括几何尺寸参数和电参数)的优化设计方法,推导了电磁作动器总损耗与系统参数间的关系。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS中的优化设计模块,使用ANSYS参数化设计语言建立了在保证电磁力及体积限制条件下,以总损耗最小为目标函数的三维参数化分析模型,多次循环迭代求解后得到了较为优化的系统参数。仿真及实验结果表明:按照该方法设计的电磁作动器能够满足各项设计指标要求,且性能比其他参数下更为优化。     

DSP实现低信噪比条件下点目标检测与跟踪

针对嵌入式实时图像处理系统中 ,复杂背景低信噪比条件下红外运动点目标检测及跟踪所采用的处理算法 ,包括基于空域低通滤波的多图像平均法和自适应阈值分割法以及基于目标运动时空连续性目标运动轨迹拟合及目标运动轨迹参数预测算法 ,进行基于二维数组组合方式存储结构的算法复杂度估计 ,并将上述算法在TI公司的TMS32 0C6 2 0 1EVM板上进行实时性能评测 ,说明上述算法在基于具有软件流水性能的TMS32 0C6x系列DSP嵌入式实时图像处理系统中实现的可行性。     

双泵源电液舵机线谱噪声控制

采取变频调速控制策略的电液舵机可大幅降低操舵噪声，但系统线谱噪声明显且随工况变化而迁移，衰减难度大。基于此，结合泵源双冗余的电液舵机原理，仅改变原系统控制策略，提出基于辅助泵源合流的压力脉动控制措施。理论分析指出，两泵源转速一致，初始相位角为半个周期可衰减奇数次谐波。设计了主从同步控制策略，配置相应硬件，并应用于实际系统，实测相同操舵工况下可降低基脚结构振动总级3~5 dB，一阶线谱最大可衰减23 dB。