论人的发展的历史演进与价值理想

人的解放与发展理论是马克思主义理论的最高视角。人的发展是建立在劳动实践基础上的，它经历了三个阶段：人对人的依赖，人对物的依赖，人的全面而自由的发展。人的发展只有既消除物的役使，又消除人的役使，人与社会才能得以和谐统一。     

Glimpse into an army at its peak: notes on the Somali National Army in the 1960–80s

ABSTRACT

Bagayoko, Hutchful, and Luckham correctly argue that the structures, characteristics, and operating methods of official security institutions in Africa have been somewhat neglected, with a lack of much recent research. The Somali National Army (SNA) sits among these lacunae. Its formal structures can be used as a skeletal starting point and springboard to start to draw the network diagrams that chart informal linkages. This is why recent declassification decisions by U.S. intelligence bodies, coupled with period documents released to the UK National Archives, hold significance in helping us understand early hierarchical SNA arrangements. They show the steady build-up in size of the force, to 1987, to about the time the civil war began to fragment the state.     

亚细亚生产方式研究概况及其意义

马克思在研究亚洲或东方社会的状况时,提到亚细亚生产方式的概念,对此概念的严格定义则不是马克思关注的焦点,他的关注点集中在东西生产方式的区别上,以及当时东方社会为何遭受到西方社会的打击,并在此基础上为包括东方国家在内的落后国家寻找一条出路。然而,后人却对亚细亚生产方式概念进行了各种各样的论争,这虽有时代背景上的原因,也有诸多理论上的原因,无疑也背离了马克思探讨亚细亚生产方式的原意。可是另一方面,通过对亚细亚生产方式的研究和争论,有助于了解包括中国在内的亚洲国家的历史和现状。了解自身历史的生产方式,以及和西欧生产方式进行对比,对于现代化进程中的中国有着很大的借鉴和启发意义。     

A usable past: a contemporary approach to history for the Western profession of arms

The most effective way for the Western profession of arms to use history is to disavow the purism and narrow specialisation of today’s academia in favour of developing a contemporary approach to the subject. The latter aims to foster a range of applied diagnostic skills that transcend the temporal dimensions of past, present, and future. A contemporary approach to history for military professionals emphasises the use of inter-disciplinary war studies to enhance policy relevance. In any defense and security organisation, history must be usable in the sense of providing cognitive and interpretative skills for probing relationships between possibility and actuality, between experience and expectation, and between singularity and repetition. Using history to examine such dialectical interconnections is particularly valuable when military establishments confront their essential task of analyzing emerging trends in the future of war.     

Just and Unjust Memory? The Moral Obligation to Remember All Victims of Wars and Totalitarian Regimes

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the philosophical problem of just and unjust memory. There is a general consensus about commemorating fallen soldiers and killed civilians. But, unfortunately, our human memory of such victims is often incomplete. Some victims are remembered, others are not – maybe very few even want to remember the latter. It turns out that in our world, not only wars may be just or unjust, but also the memory of their victims. In this context, a serious problem is the unequal memory of crimes perpetrated by Nazism and Communism in the last century, denying several dozen million victims of the latter totalitarian system their due place in the collective awareness of mankind. Therefore, one of the most important aspects of the ethical analysis of wars and totalitarian regimes should be the moral obligation to commemorate all victims in a just way.