撬装式LNG加气站消防安全设计探析

撬装式LNG加气站简便、灵活,具有易燃易爆危险性、工作环境特殊性等特点。目前关于撬装式LNG加气站没有明确的国家规范,因此探讨其消防安全设计至关重要。介绍了撬装式LNG加气站的优势,应用系统的思想方法,从总平面布局、防火间距、建（构）筑物设计、工艺安全设计、设置控制报警系统、电气安全设计、给排水系统设计、灭火器配置等方面探讨了撬装式LNG加气站的消防安全设计,为该种加气站的发展提供安全保障。     

不同安装形式下常用喷头灭火效果的试验研究

为了探讨喷头的类型和安装方向对自动喷水灭火系统灭火效果的影响,利用下垂型、直立型和普通型三种工程中常用喷头,分别以向上和向下两种安装方式,在3 m、4 m和5 m的喷水高度下,进行了木垛火的灭火试验。试验结果显示,喷头的类型和安装方向是影响灭火效果的重要因素,喷头的安装方向错误时,其灭火时间会大大增加。     

巨幕类影厅人员疏散的安全水平分析与优化设计

巨幕类影厅的设计由于其视听效果需要往往超出规范要求,其消防性能化设计的首要安全目标是人员的安全疏散。基于＂消防性能化设计方案的安全水平不低于处方式设计方案＂的设计理念,对位于三层以上、面积超过400m^2的某巨幕影厅进行了人员疏散的安全水平分析,并对影响人员疏散效率的通道进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,进行性能化设计和处方式设计方案的人员疏散安全水平对比,有助于更全面的评价消防性能化设计方案的安全水平。     

城市交通隧道防火设计探讨

通过对城市交通隧道火灾形势、原因及危害性的分析,指出现行《建筑设计防火规范》对城市交通隧道消防设计指导存在不详之处,应进一步明确避难设施、自动灭火系统及火灾自动报警系统等方面的设计要求,由此提出了通过进一步修订现有＂处方式＂规范,结合性能化消防设计,科学合理解决城市交通隧道面临的防火问题的有效方案。     

涉氨企业的消防安全现状与防火对策

根据近年来涉氨企业在生产、经营和生活过程中发生氨气泄漏,引发火灾、爆炸等安全事故所造成的人员伤亡等惨痛教训,对涉氨企业当前的消防安全现状进行了深入的调研,对该类场所存在的消防安全问题及其原因进行了分析,提出了解决消防安全问题的对策。     

Regional integration and nuclear energy in Africa

African states are hampered by unreliable electric energy that has not complemented economic development efforts. Recently, several African states announced plans to pursue nuclear energy in the future. However, several challenges remain for these states, notably insecurity and financial deficiencies. This paper proposes the use of regional integration arrangements to address these challenges faced by African states, as a way of complementing other efforts enabling African states to obtain nuclear energy. The existence of these arrangements and their institutional mechanisms can enable African states to enhance security and cost-effectively develop nuclear power infrastructure.     

NO SUCH THING AS A FREE LUNCH

The funding of international nuclear risk mitigation is ad hoc, voluntary, and unpredictable, offering no transparent explanation of who is financially responsible for the task or why. Among many non-nuclear-armed states, this exacerbates a sense of injustice surrounding what they see as a discriminatory nuclear regime. The resulting erosion of the regime's legitimacy undermines support for efforts to prevent nuclear weapons dissemination and terrorism. This article proposes a transparent, equitable “nuclear-user-pays” system as a logical means of reversing this trend. This system envisions states contributing financially to international efforts to mitigate nuclear risks at a level relative to the degree of nuclear risks created by each state. “National nuclear risk factors” would be calculated by tabulating the risks associated with each state's civilian and military nuclear activities, as well as advanced dual-use and nuclear-capable missile activities, multiplying the severity of each risk by the probability of it occurring, and combining these results. A nuclear-user-pays model would create financial incentives for national and corporate nuclear risk mitigation, boost legitimacy and support for nuclear control efforts among non-nuclear-armed states, assist in preventing nuclear weapons dissemination and terrorism, and advance nuclear disarmament by helping progressively devalue nuclear weapons.     

SPARRING ON THE SUBCONTINENT

South Asian Security and International Nuclear Order: Creating a Robust Indo-Pakistani Nuclear Arms Control Regime, by Mario Esteban Carranza. Ashgate, 2009. 208 pages, $99.95.     

ATOMS FOR PEACE

Atomic Assistance: How “Atoms for Peace” Programs Cause Nuclear Insecurity, by Matthew Fuhrmann, Cornell University Press, 2012, 344 pages, $29.95.     

NUCLEAR POWER IN THE MIDDLE EAST:

With the exception of Iran, no Middle Eastern state has an operating nuclear power reactor. Several states, including the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Egypt are considering constructing such reactors; some have even taken steps towards commencing nuclear power projects. There exist, however, considerable economic, technical, safety, and security challenges to achieving these goals, many of which are acute in the Middle East region. Regional and international cooperation on nuclear technology could not only help regional states meet their energy objectives, but it could also help to build trust among states as a basic step towards a future Middle East Weapons of Mass Destruction-Free Zone.