面向EUP的军用软件保障机制研究

软件保障是软件密集型装备和系统持续可靠地发挥作战效能的有力保证。从软件保障原则、保障组织和保障过程等方面,研究了面向EUP过程(Enterprise Unified Process,EUP)的军用软件保障机制,初步探讨了在EUP全生命周期中规划、组织和实施军用软件保障的方法。     

区域防空导弹反导火力分配研究

分析了传统防空导弹火力分配模型的不足,考虑到编队内各舰艇近程防空作战能力的不同,结合装备性能特点,建立了基于机会约束规划的区域防空导弹火力分配优化模型。给出了基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的混合智能算法,该算法在精度和速度上均能满足防空作战的要求。     

作战指令自动生成的关键模块设计*

作战指令的自动化生成主要涉及到汉语分词技术、语法分析和代码生成。将作战文书归结为一个半结构化的自然语言信息抽取问题,采用数据融合方法实现词法分析,采用编译原理的技术实现语法分析,采用规则库最终实现了作战指令的自动化生成,作战指令的自动生成将提高指挥自动化的水平。     

Terrorism as Method in Nepali Maoist Insurgency, 1996–2016

During the period 1996–2006, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) waged overt people’s war to seize state power and institute a new order that realized the party’s understanding of ‘New Democracy’ as posited by Mao Tse-tung. Contextual shifts led to a crucial strategic turning point in September 2005, when the Maoists agreed to a united front with estranged legal parties to oust the monarchy and establish a republic. Though touted as acceptance of political reintegration, the move was tactical rather than strategic. The party had no intention of supporting a parliamentary version of democracy and thus, 2006–2016, engaged in a covert effort to seize power. Central to this effort was the paramilitary Young Communist League (YCL), the members of which responded to inflammatory party verbiage and exhortations with attacks upon rival political actors. These attacks, academically and legally, were terrorism and offered a salient illustration of intra-state unrestricted warfare. Ultimately, organizational, national, and regional circumstances caused the main Maoist movement to move decisively away from its covert approach. By that time, however, radical splinters had embraced the use of terrorism against rival political actors, creating a situation whereby local politics is yet a dangerous endeavor in certain areas and at certain times.     

What-If at Waterloo. Carl von Clausewitz’s use of historical counterfactuals in his history of the Campaign of 1815

In this article, I analyze the use of historical counterfactuals in the Campaign of 1815 by Carl von Clausewitz (1780–1831). Such is the importance of counterfactuals in this work that its gist can be given in a series of 25 counterfactuals. I claim that a central role is played by evaluative counterfactuals. This specific form of counterfactuals is part of a didactic method that allows Clausewitz to teach young officers a critical method that prepares them for the challenge of decision-making in real warfare. I conclude with the enduring relevance of Clausewitz’s use of evaluative counterfactuals for contemporary military historiography.     

Operational idealism: doctrine development of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army under Soviet threat, 1969–1989

This article analyses the doctrine development of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) coping with the Soviet military threat between 1969 and 1989. In the 1970s, the PLA applied a doctrine of ‘active defence and luring the enemy into depth’ based on its traditional operational art. In 1980, the PLA decided to focus its doctrine on positional defence. In 1986, the PLA introduced ‘integrated operations and prioritised strike’, a generalised doctrine that originated from its war history. Many organisational and intellectual challenges in peacetime doctrine development contributed to the PLA’s operational idealism, including its aging leadership, command structure, attitude towards its previous experience, limited analysis of contemporary military developments, and failure in test and validation of doctrines. In the post-Cold War decade, many of these challenges persisted in spite of military modernization efforts. The ongoing military reform has to address these challenges and improve the PLA doctrine development in peacetime.     

周期运动声源的双阵列定位

针对常用的运动声源定位方法存在计算量较大或测试难度大的问题,提出一种基于阵列信号短时处理的运动声源定位方法。分析单、双五元十字阵列的定位性能,并基于单阵列的高精度定向能力,借鉴波束形成中帧处理思想,使用双阵列方位交叉的方法实现声源运动定位。使用自行火炮的发动机周期噪声作为模拟声源,进行外场定位实验,对参与短时相关数据的截取原则和传播路径补偿进行研究。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效实现周期声源的运动定位,最大相对误差保持在5%的水平。     

区域和参数化可靠性灵敏度指标及其解法

针对基于方差的全局可靠性灵敏度指标,分别提出基于方差的区域和参数化可靠性灵敏度指标,以衡量输入变量的取值区域发生变化时或输入变量的方差减小时整个输入变量系统对失效概率不确定性贡献的变化情况。然后从Pearson相关系数的视角分别将所提指标表述成无条件失效域指示函数与固定某一随机输入时的条件失效域指示函数之间的相关系数。在此转换的基础上,提出基于Pearson相关系数的两种求解方法,一种采用蒙特卡洛方法重复抽样进行循环计算,另一种借鉴重要抽样的思想。功能函数的计算样本可重复使用而不增加任何额外的计算代价,故后者大大提高了求解所提区域和参数化灵敏度指标的计算效率。算例结果验证了所提指标的合理性,同时也证明了所提方法的准确性与高效性。     

正弦波调制的光纤环本征频率测量方法

为了弥补传统光纤环本征频率测量方法中方波调制存在死区的缺陷,提出正弦波调制的本征频率测量方法。对正弦波调制下的光纤陀螺输出信号进行分析,得到二次谐波幅度与调制频率间的二次函数关系,通过计算抛物线顶点即可求得本征频率。依据该原理对已有的光纤陀螺进行升级改造,研制了一套本征频率测量系统。试验结果表明:该方法可达到1×10-5的测量精度,是一种成本低、精度高的光纤环本征频率测量方法。