Economic reconstruction amidst conflict: Insights from Afghanistan and Iraq

Economic reconstruction typically takes place after the end of war. Yet recently, economic reconstruction has been viewed as a means to ‘win hearts and minds’ during ongoing conflict. Drawing on a variety of reconstruction experiences from Afghanistan and Iraq, we identify four ‘reconstruction traps’ that result from the incentives and constraints faced by actors involved in economic reconstruction during ongoing conflict. These traps include: 1. the credible commitment trap, 2. the knowledge trap, 3. the political economy trap, and 4. the bureaucracy trap. Avoiding these traps is critical for successful economic reconstruction; and we discuss potential strategies for doing so.     

SECURITY BRIEF

Using crime review figures for four randomly selected states in Nigeria, this study examines cases of kidnapping and its implications for the national economy. The findings reveal that kidnapping is consistently on the increase in Nigeria and is not evenly spread across regions. It is shown that 15 cases were recorded in 2005 and 43 cases in 2008. In 2009, 138 cases were officially recorded, of which 22% and 76% occurred in Rivers and Edo states respectively. Findings further showed that modern kidnapping in Nigeria is triggered by resource control disputes directed both at oil expatriate workers and at prominent citizens, politicians and members of their families. The crisis, which came to the fore in 2005, has forced oil production shutdowns of up to 800 000 barrels per day. The study concludes that kidnapping is becoming a serious crime in Nigeria with significant negative implications for foreign investment, national foreign exchange earnings, and revenue generation.     

浅析经济原则在网络语言中的应用

随着网络技术的发展,网络语言作为一种新的语言媒体和社会方言,越来越得到人们的重视。在不同的学术领域,专家对网络语言作出不同的诠释和研究。主要从构词、句法、非语言符号三个角度来分析经济原则在网络语言中的普遍使用,并从聊天室中收集、归纳、分析相关语料来证明经济原则的存在,及在网络空间中普遍使用的原因。对网络语言的深入研究,将更有助于人们了解语言在以高科技为背景条件下发展趋势。当网络语言冲击传统语言时,要树立正确的态度面对语言的发展。     

析替代国制度的不公平性及对策

替代国制度是西方国家反倾销法中确定“非市场经济国家”出口产品正常价值所使用的方法,这种方法完全不考虑出口国产品的成本优势。因此,以这种方法确定出口产品的正常价值是非常不合理的,致使中国在反倾销诉讼中处于极为不利的地位。替代国制度的产生及根源,替代国制度对中国的损害及不公平性,中国应采取的对策。     

连续碳化硅纤维热交联工艺研究

采用热交联工艺改进传统的空气不熔化工艺,在尽可能少引入氧的情况下实现聚碳硅烷纤维的不熔化处理,降低连续SiC纤维中的氧含量。通过IR、元素分析、SEM、XRD等手段系统研究了热交联工艺条件对纤维氧含量、结构、性能的影响。     

石油库站油料筹措中的灰色存储论综合模型及应用

将灰色系统理论、存储论、数理统计理论综合运用,建立综合数学模型,并将该模型运用于石油库站油料管理中,以提高库站油料管理者的决策水平。建立的多阶段油料订购模型可制定最佳油料订购方案,该模型具有通用性,具有简洁、实用、拟合精度高等特点。     

西北高海拔、高寒地区热媒研究

针对西北高海拔、高寒地区供热速度慢、热效率低等问题,研制出一种新型、高效热媒,热媒在一个大气压下沸点可达到116℃。通过单因素实验及正交实验,优化出了热媒配方;经热媒节能效果现场模拟实验,证明了所研制的热媒能显著改善供热效果;对热媒腐蚀性、风险性进行了分析。该热媒成本低、工艺简单、腐蚀性小、安全性高,具有很好的经济效益和军事效益。     

高等教育人才培养结构研究相关问题分析

围绕高等教育人才培养结构研究，对国内外学者关于高等教育与经济、人力资本理论、高等教育结构及高等教育人才培养结构等研究情况进行梳理和分析。     

基于芘丁醇的光学压敏涂料氧猝灭特性

以芘丁醇为原料制备的光学压敏涂料作为研究对象，采用荧光分光光度计测定了它们的荧光特性，考察不同激发光波长下压敏涂料的荧光特性及氧猝灭系数。结果表明：以芘丁醇为原料制备的压敏涂料的氧猝灭效果明显，其氧猝灭系数高达55％。涂料的荧光特性受激发光波长的影响很大，就同一受激态发射区464nm峰而言，用290nm的激发光比用364nm的激发光的氧猝灭率高出21．3％。     

中国反垄断法的若干问题探析

反垄断的法律环境与立法例之选择,中国反垄断法的基本性质,反垄断法立法中的行政性垄断问题。