Effect of change of sand properties on travel distance of ricocheted debris

The debris from exploded buildings can ricochet after colliding with the ground, thus increasing the debris travel distance and danger from any associated impacts or collisions. To reduce this danger, the travel distance of ricocheted debris must be accurately predicted. This study analyzed the change in the travel distance of ricocheted concrete debris relative to changes in the properties of a sand medium. Direct shear tests were conducted to measure the change in internal friction angle as a function of temperature and water content of the sand. Finite element analysis (FEA) was then applied to these variables to predict the speed and angle of the debris after ricochet. The FEA results were compared with results of low-speed ricochet experiments, which employed variable temperature and water content. The travel distance of the debris was calculated using MATLAB, via trajectory equations considering the drag coefficient. As the internal friction angle decreased, the shear stress decreased, leading to deeper penetration of the debris into the sand. As the loss of kinetic energy increased, the velocity and travel distance of the ricocheted debris decreased. Changes in the ricochet velocity and travel distance of the debris, according to changes in the internal friction angle, indicated that the debris was affected by the environment.     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

便携式防空导弹舵面偏转运动对比研究

建立了便携式防空导弹舵面偏转运动的数学模型,包括正弦偏转运动、不带零位脉冲调宽偏转运动和带零位脉冲调宽偏转运动,推导了相应的等效舵偏角矢量的公式,对比了3种舵面偏转运动对导弹性能的影响,所得结果对导弹设计中舵机的选取有参考价值。     

超精密扭轮摩擦传动动力学研究

为了进行超精密定位，人们提出了运用扭轮摩擦传动。本文针对这种结构对其传动原理与动力学特性进行了分析，得出了新的结论。     

不同增强体镁基复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了短切碳纤维、碳化硅晶须、硼酸铝晶须为增强体的镁基复合材料在外加载荷下的阻尼性能,测量了它们的力学性能与断口特性。研究表明：增强体不同的镁基复合材料,阻尼性能不同;在所研究的几种增强体复合材料中,以短切碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的阻尼效果最好;短切碳纤维增强铁基复合材料界面对内耗有明显的影响。     

摩擦电喷镀摩擦机理及复合镀层工艺的研究

摩擦电喷镀是一项新发明的金属表面高速电沉积技术,具有高速、优质、低耗等特点.本文利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线应力测试仪等物理测试手段,首次研究了摩擦对镍镀层组织、结构和力学性能的作用机理.此外,通过对摩擦电喷镀Ni基Al_2O_3复合镀层测试,分析了工艺因素及其对镀层质量的影响,并给出了有参考价值的优化工艺参数.     

环境温度变化对导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩影响分析及实验研究

建立包含框架热致耦合变形的导引头伺服机构摩擦力矩分析模型,重点研究环境温度变化对角接触轴承几何参数及摩擦力矩的影响。以反射镜式导引头为例进行摩擦力矩分析,结果表明:随着温度的降低,润滑脂黏度的上升是导致伺服机构在低温时摩擦力矩剧烈上升的主要原因,框架耦合变形占比较小。搭建基于电测法的摩擦力矩测试系统,用快速温变实验箱模拟环境温度,测量伺服机构摩擦力矩并与理论计算结果进行对比分析,实验证明摩擦力矩实验结果与理论模型计算结果一致。     

基于油液分析的自行火炮装备性能监测研究

提出了一种基于油液光谱分析技术的自行火炮装备磨损故障诊断方法 ,该方法主要包括用于监测润滑油中磨损金属颗粒浓度变化的模型 ,并制定了各主要磨损金属元素的浓度和梯度界限值 ,并将其分为三个层次。同时将灰色建模理论引入光谱分析领域 ,通过拟合光谱仪分析的数据 ,掌握润滑油中磨损金属颗粒浓度的变化规律 ,进而对其浓度变化规律进行预测 ,从而达到对装备进行性能监测的目的。     

坦克炮控伺服系统的滑模非线性摩擦补偿控制

坦克炮控伺服系统存在低速摩擦,摩擦环节不但造成系统的稳态误差,而且导致极限环振荡、低速爬行等现象.提出基于Lyapunov稳定理论的滑模控制方法,通过 Lyapunov稳定理论获得控制量,同时克服参数不确定性和补偿非线性摩擦力矩,从而保证跟踪误差渐进收敛.仿真结果表明该设计方法大大优于经典设计,为炮控伺服系统实际设计提供了一种可行的新方法.     

功能型摩擦材料弹性接触的数学模型

功能型摩擦材料是一种多孔含油材料，在力的作用下，赫兹接触下的应力场已不能完全适用。为研究材料内部孔隙的变化，在材料接触模型和功能型摩擦材料的构成模型基础上，利用弹性力学的知识，建立了功能型摩擦材料接触区域孔隙变化的数学模型。同时讨论了孔隙在力和热作用下的行为，以及影响孔隙体积的因素。为研究功能型摩擦材料的服役机理提供依据。