Neglected but affected: voices from the oil-producing regions of Ghana and Uganda

The ‘resource curse’ is the paradoxical theory frequently used to explain how a seemingly desirable asset, such as oil, can actually pervert an economy, erode governance, perpetuate conflict, and ruin local communities to the extent that it becomes a curse. New oil discoveries in western Ghana and western Uganda have raised concerns for the democratic prospects and future stability of these countries and their surrounding regions. Based on field interviews in these oil-producing regions, this report summarises how local communities have been affected thus far and their concerns for the future. The authors assess the extent to which each country is vulnerable to oil-induced instability, and identify groups or communities that would be most likely to perpetuate it. Lastly, it provides some assessment of the future trajectory of each country.     

THE SUPPLY PRICE OF COMMITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE AIR FORCE ENLISTMENT BONUS PROGRAM

In fiscal year 1999, the US Air Force introduced a bonus program designed to encourage longer enlistment terms. This regime shift provides a unique opportunity to estimate the elasticity of labor supply at a new margin: the length of the employment contract. A $5000 bonus differential is estimated to increase the probability that a recruit will choose a 6‐year enlistment over a 4‐year enlistment by 30 percentage points. The program is found to be cost‐effective relative to other policies to increase man‐years.     

装备保障资源确定技术研究与需求分析系统开发

维修资源是实施装备维修工作的物质基础和重要保证,无论是平时训练还是战时抢修,维修资源都占据着十分重要的地位,不仅影响着装备的寿命周期费用(Life Cycle Costs,LCC),还直接影响着装备的战备完好率以及部队战斗力的保持和恢复.应用更加科学高效的方法确定保障资源,是维修决策面临的重要问题之一.据此,着眼于部队装备维修保障现状需求,将维修任务分配与保障资源需求紧密结合,提出了保障资源确定分析流程,并对分析过程中的关键技术进行了相应的研究,建立了典型的维修决策模型,优化了保障资源配置.最后开发了计算机辅助决策分析系统,为维修资源的优化配置起到了很好的辅助决策作用.     

资源不确定军事任务计划预测调度模型与算法

针对军事任务计划执行环境中普遍存在的资源不确定性,提出了基于资源缓冲区的军事任务计划预测调度算法。算法首先基于平台有效资源功能向量进行任务—平台分配,分配过程中通过调节平台有效资源功能向量,获得不同的平台资源缓冲区分配方案;然后基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法框架对军事任务计划进行多目标求解,进而获得问题的Pareto最优解集。文章通过仿真算例对算法的可行性和有效性进行验证,实验结果表明,该算法能够有效求解资源不确定军事任务计划问题。     

资源结构映像异步更新策略及其在JBCM中的应用

使基于构件的软件配置管理系统支持对配置资源的并发访问是一种必然要求,为此提出了一种资源结构映像异步更新策略用以实现这一目标.这种方法已由北京大学软件工程国家工程中心应用于青鸟软件配置管理系统(JBCM).     

基于WSRF的资源服务化平台设计与实现

为解决Web服务资源框架（Web Service Resource Framework,WSRF）在服务开发过程中工作量大、服务难以动态部署的问题,提出并设计了资源服务化平台,实现了计算资源自动服务化封装。平台提供访问资源的统一服务接口,由资源管理模块将用户请求映射为对实际资源指定方法的调用,且资源可以动态地部署和撤销。测试实验表明：在该平台下,资源服务化开发效率显著提高,而服务性能未明显下降。     

Outsourcing warranty repairs: Dynamic allocation

In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing the costs of outsourcing warranty repairs when failed items are dynamically routed to one of several service vendors. In our model, the manufacturer incurs a repair cost each time an item needs repair and also incurs a goodwill cost while an item is awaiting and undergoing repair. For a large manufacturer with annual warranty costs in the tens of millions of dollars, even a small relative cost reduction from the use of dynamic (rather than static) allocation may be practically significant. However, due to the size of the state space, the resulting dynamic programming problem is not exactly solvable in practice. Furthermore, standard routing heuristics, such as join‐the‐shortest‐queue, are simply not good enough to identify potential cost savings of any significance. We use two different approaches to develop effective, simply structured index policies for the dynamic allocation problem. The first uses dynamic programming policy improvement while the second deploys Whittle's proposal for restless bandits. The closed form indices concerned are new and the policies sufficiently close to optimal to provide cost savings over static allocation. All results of this paper are demonstrated using a simulation study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

Optimal power control in a wireless network using a model with stochastic link coefficients

This paper addresses optimal power allocation in a wireless communication network under uncertainty. The paper introduces a framework for optimal transmit power allocation in a wireless network where both the useful and interference coefficients are random. The new approach to power control is based on a stochastic programming formulation with probabilistic SIR constraints. This allows to state the power allocation problem as a convex optimization problem assuming normally or log‐normally distributed communication link coefficients. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the optimal stochastic power allocation. A distributed algorithm for the decentralized solution of the stochastic power allocation problem is discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

模糊优选动态规划在稀缺军事资源配置中的应用

在对稀缺军事资源配置问题进行数学描述的基础上,建立起评价指标相对优属度计算模型,实现了局部优选。在此基础上,通过分配目标综合评价模型实现了对局部优选数据的综合处理,最后建立资源分配的动态规划模型实现了对方案的优选。最后通过实例演示了解决该类问题的具体方法和步骤,对部队建设具有一定的参考和应用价值。     

想定驱动的仿真资源发现方法

为解决在云间共享架构的仿真环境下资源的自动发现问题,研究了仿真资源请求的描述方法及相应的资源发现算法,提出了想定驱动的仿真资源发现方法.方法通过扩展的军事想定描述语言表示仿真资源请求,使用双映射三过滤算法实现仿真资源的自动发现.分析表明,仿真想定驱动的资源发现方法可以实现在云间共享架构下仿真运行所需的大量资源的自动发现,并对发现结果具有语用校验功能,对于仿真环境的快速部署具有积极意义.