超精密加工在线检测与误差补偿的理论与方法

超精密加工技术是高新技术、现代机械、电子产业以及国防工业的重要支柱,已成为技术发达国家重要的竞争目标。我系自１９８２年以来开展超精密加工技术的研究已有十多个年头了,取得了重要进展和重大突破。本文就所进行的研究工作,综合介绍了超精密加工中的若干理论与方法,包括形状误差在线检测的误差分离、误差补偿控制、微进给机构的非线性建模、微位移检测等内容,最后介绍了我系所取得的主要成果。     

星箭分离相对位姿摄影测量方法

提出一种基于视觉的星箭分离相对位姿测量方法。在相机内参数已知的情况下,将相机安装于运载火箭,并在卫星上固连不少于6个合作标志,利用相机对合作标志实时成像;基于单目位姿估计的基本原理,采用高效n点渗透与正交迭代结合的方式解算卫星与火箭之间的相对位姿关系。仿真实验结果、半实物仿真实验结果证明了所提测量方法的可行性和准确性。     

Fully sequential procedures for comparing constrained systems via simulation

We consider the problem of finding the system with the best primary performance measure among a finite number of simulated systems in the presence of a stochastic constraint on a single real‐valued secondary performance measure. Solving this problem requires the identification and removal from consideration of infeasible systems (Phase I) and of systems whose primary performance measure is dominated by that of other feasible systems (Phase II). We use indifference zones in both phases and consider two approaches, namely, carrying out Phases I and II sequentially and carrying out Phases I and II simultaneously, and we provide specific example procedures of each type. We present theoretical results guaranteeing that our approaches (general and specific, sequential and simultaneous) yield the best system with at least a prespecified probability, and we provide a portion of an extensive numerical study aimed at evaluating and comparing the performance of our approaches. The experimental results show that both new procedures are useful for constrained ranking and selection, with neither procedure showing uniform superiority over the other.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

小型固体运载器一、二级分离动力学与仿真研究

某低成本小型固体运载器采用侧喷流和栅格舵联合进行姿态控制。针对该布局,设计引入闭环姿态控制的一、二级级间冷分离方案。在描述级间分离过程的基础上,建立了分离运动学与动力学模型,解锁与分离冲量装置模型,气动力模型以及分离姿态控制律模型,讨论了碰撞判断条件,通过Monte Carlo仿真验证了参数不确定条件下分离姿态控制律设计对于避免碰撞和减小上面级初始姿态偏差的有效性。结果表明所设计的分离方案在充分发挥冷分离优势的同时能够弥补由冷分离时间长引起的上面级初始姿态偏差,能够有效避免级间碰撞。为该运载器的级间分离方案提供了一种可能的选择。     

高超声速飞行器中若干气动难题的实验研究

回顾了近几年本研究团队在高超声速飞行器若干气动难题方面的实验研究进展。在边界层转捩方面,测量了边界层转捩现象,研究了攻角效应对圆锥边界层转捩的影响,获得了边界层转捩的脉动特性以其对飞行器表面热流和摩阻的影响。在激波-边界层干扰方面,分析了突起物形状变化对流动特性的影响,研究了复杂外形的流动特性。     

运载火箭芯级与助推级分离的数值模拟

采用动态重叠网格方法和双欧法,耦合求解非定常流动控制NS方程和6DOF运动方程,数值模拟运载火箭助推级和芯级的自由分离过程和附加外力作用下的强迫分离过程,并对芯级、助推级分离的主要影响因素进行分析。数值结果与试验结果吻合,表明动态重叠网格方法能正确预测火箭芯级与助推级间复杂的流动现象。根据数值模拟结果,给出助推级在不同分离工况下的分离参数及分离规律。     

对成像雷达的脉冲分段排序转发干扰

多假目标图像欺骗是目前宽带雷达干扰的难点。针对宽带雷达中常用的线性调频(Linear Frequency Modulated,LFM)信号,提出一种脉冲分段排序转发干扰方法。结合散射波信号模型,推导了合成干扰信号二维成像输出形式,讨论了假目标图像个数、分辨率与分段数以及转发次序之间的关系,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明该干扰方法可较便捷地产生多个沿距离向分布的假目标图像。结果对于成像雷达图像欺骗干扰具有理论指导意义。     

基于径向基代理模型的序列优化中自适应再采样策略

针对径向基插值代理模型样本点预测误差为零时无法获得误差函数进行序列再采样优化的问题,将样本点分布约束引入序列再采样过程,利用潜在最优解加速收敛性,提出一种适用于径向基插值代理模型序列优化的再采样策略,该策略兼顾仿真模型的输出响应特性与样本点的空间分布特性。仿真结果表明,使用该在采样策略后,算法寻优效率和精度均优于传统基于代理模型的优化方法,在对最优解进行有效预测的同时,能显著减少原始模型计算次数。     

计数序贯抽样检验方案的OC函数和ASN

根据序贯概率比检验的理论,给出计数序贯抽样检验方案的设计原理,得到国家标准GB／T8051—2008中计数序贯抽样检验方案的OC函数和ASN的计算方法。     

Limiting behavior of the stochastic sequential assignment problem

The stochastic sequential assignment problem (SSAP) considers how to allocate available distinct workers to sequentially arriving tasks with stochastic parameters such that the expected total reward obtained from the sequential assignments is maximized. Implementing the optimal assignment policy for the SSAP involves calculating a new set of breakpoints upon the arrival of each task (i.e., for every time period), which is impractical for large‐scale problems. This article studies two problems that are concerned with obtaining stationary policies, which achieve the optimal expected reward per task as the number of tasks approaches infinity. The first problem considers independent and identically distributed (IID) tasks with a known distribution function, whereas in the second problem tasks are derived from r different unobservable distributions governed by an ergodic Markov chain. The convergence rate of the expected reward per task to the optimal value is also obtained for both problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013