关于城市公共危机管理的思考

介绍了危机管理的基本概念和基本思想,阐述了危机管理在城市防灾体系中的重要意义。在理论分析的基础上通过实例,说明在目前公共安全资源普遍短缺的现实背景下,在构建城市防灾体系的过程中,如何将危机管理的理念引入并加以科学应用,对于提高我国城市防灾减灾体系效能有着决定性的作用。     

基于ExtendSim的空降训练主要因素优化仿真

针对空降训练的准备、实施、返回3个阶段,基于ExtendSim计算机模拟仿真技术,对空降训练的整个过程进行仿真,通过对仿真结果进行综合分析,对飞机使用数量、投放员数量和跳伞员准备情况影响空降训练实施的主要因素进行优化处理。     

带渐变过渡型提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器

提出了一种渐变过渡型的微波同轴提取结构,解决了采用传统的均匀同轴提取结构的Ku波段磁绝缘线振荡器中存在的输出模式不纯和TEM模传输效率较低的问题。模拟结果表明,渐变过渡型提取结构实现了微波的高效提取和单一的同轴TEM模输出;过渡后的同轴结构利于支撑杆的设计,满足了同轴TEM模的传输要求。与传统的均匀同轴提取结构相比,渐变过渡型提取结构能够适量提高器件的品质因数,进而加强束波作用,加快微波起振。     

基于满意度的通信保障方案优选方法

针对当前通信保障方案缺少科学有效的评估方法,提出一种基于满意度的优选方法。从保障性、可靠性、时效性和经济性等4个方面,建立了评价指标体系;结合各个评价指标的特点,给出了具体量化方法,克服了评价时的主观性,并对量化后的结果进行了规范化处理;利用满意度理论,通过求解一系列关于指标权重的线性规划问题,确定了各评价指标的权重值;计算各预选方案的综合效能值,确定最终排序。最后,结合某次通信保障案例,对4个预选方案进行比较,该方法计算结果与实际相符,证明了其有效性。     

直接耦合干扰的自适应两级补偿方法

针对水下电磁探测系统对直接耦合干扰的补偿精度受限于硬件采样分辨率的问题,研究了基于自适应技术的直接耦合干扰两级补偿方法。采用高速 DSP 芯片实现直接耦合干扰补偿电路,完成直接耦合干扰的粗调补偿;提出了基于可变遗忘因子的 QRD-LS 算法,并采用基于该算法的自适应陷波器实现了直接耦合干扰的微调补偿。实验研究验证了两级补偿方法对直接耦合干扰的补偿性能。结果表明：基于可变遗忘因子的QRD-LS 算法稳定性好,收敛速度快;基于该算法的自适应两级补偿方法对直接耦合干扰的补偿精度达到10－4倍。     

用非概率理论分析混合不确定性结构的可靠性

针对不确定性结构可靠性分析中的输入变量分布参数具有不确定性和输入变量为区间模型的混合不确定性结构展开研究。考虑到可用信息最少的情况,将分布参数的不确定性描述为区间模型。通过等概率转换方法将随机变量与其分布参数进行分离,使问题转化为随机与区间变量混合的可靠性问题,建立了混合不确定性问题的可靠性分析模型。基于非概率可靠性理论,建立混合不确定结构分析模型的二级极限状态函数并结合Kriging代理模型建立了高效的求解方法。将所建立的混合不确定模型应用于飞行器结构的不确定性分析中,验证了所建模型的合理性和所提方法的高效性和准确性。     

Optimization of schedule stability and efficiency under processing time variability and random machine breakdowns in a job shop environment

The ability to cope with uncertainty in dynamic scheduling environments is becoming an increasingly important issue. In such environments, any disruption in the production schedule will translate into a disturbance of the plans for several external activities as well. Hence, from a practical point of view, deviations between the planned and realized schedules are to be avoided as much as possible. The term stability refers to this concern. We propose a proactive approach to generate efficient and stable schedules for a job shop subject to processing time variability and random machine breakdowns. In our approach, efficiency is measured by the makespan, and the stability measure is the sum of the variances of the realized completion times. Because the calculation of the original measure is mathematically intractable, we develop a surrogate stability measure. The version of the problem with the surrogate stability measure is proven to be NP‐hard, even without machine breakdowns; a branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed for this problem variant. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to handle larger instances of the problem with machine breakdowns. The results of extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms are quite promising in performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Dual sourcing: Responsive hedging against correlated supply and demand uncertainty

This article analyzes dual sourcing decisions under stochastically dependent supply and demand uncertainty. A manufacturer faces the trade‐off between investing in unreliable but high‐margin offshore supply and in reliable but low‐margin local supply, where the latter allows for production that is responsively contingent on the actual demand and offshore supply conditions. Cost thresholds for both types of supply determine the optimal resource allocation: single offshore sourcing, single responsive sourcing, or dual sourcing. Relying on the concept of concordance orders, we study the effects of correlation between supply and demand uncertainty. Adding offshore supply to the sourcing portfolio becomes more favorable under positive correlation, since offshore supply is likely to satisfy demand when needed. Selecting responsive capacity under correlated supply and demand uncertainty is not as straightforward, yet we establish the managerially relevant conditions under which responsive capacity either gains or loses in importance. Our key results are extended to the broad class of endogenous supply uncertainty developed by Dada et al. [Manufact Serv Operat Mange 9 (2007), 9–32].© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

垃圾评论自动过滤方法

针对互联网上存在的大量垃圾评论,提出一种基于电阻网络的垃圾评论检测方法,该方法用电阻距离来度量评论之间的上下文语义相似性,把整个评论数据表示成一个电阻网络,把垃圾评论当作该网络上的语义离群点来处理,根据网络节点对电阻网络平均电能消耗的影响,建立电离群因子来度量数据的离群程度,以此来识别垃圾评论。实验证明了该方法的有效性,在多个数据集上取得了较好的效果。     

影响工科类高职院校高等数学教学质量因素的分析——以新疆高等职业院校为例

通过对工科类高职院校高等数学学生与专业教师的调研,就学生在数学的学习兴趣、学习习惯、学习方法、学习态度、认知水平和基本能力以及专业教师对高等数学的认识等诸多方面影响教学质量的因素进行分析,进一步提出提高高等数学教学质量的策略。