PAI-CAD/CAM 模型及实现技术研究

本文根据敏捷制造与动态联盟将制造系统空间扩展到全国乃至全球,传统的用于产品开发的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统已无法满足动态联盟条件下的产品开发要求,必须开发一种新的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统才能满足这一要求。笔者根据国际ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ发展趋势,结合我国具体国情,在传统的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ基础上提出了“ＰＡＩ－ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏ－ＡｇｉｌｅＩｎｔｅｌｉｇｅｎｔＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ）”的新概念,并建立了一种系统模型,此外,文章还对系统的实现技术进行了深入的探讨。     

确定初级分布式战术C~3I系统体系结构的方法

集中说明了虚拟技术在系统建模、计算机系统以及组网连接上的应用,重点探讨了在虚拟技术基础上构建初级分布式战术Ｃ３Ｉ系统体系结构的原理和方法。是文献〔１〕的续文     

虚拟现实系统中的视觉延迟及其克服算法

虚拟现实(VR)技术问世以来,用户在使用基于VR的飞行模拟器时有时出现恶心、头晕等不适感,这种现象已引起人们的关注。研究表明,视觉延迟是引起这种不适感的重要原因之一。分析了VR系统中视觉延迟产生的原因,并基于卡尔曼滤波技术,设计了视觉延迟克服算法。算法首先假定头部运动是一个随机过程,且有较大的随机加速度,活动幅度一般不超过80mm,建立了头部运动的随机数学模型;其次,采用了测量数据预处理技术以提高预测精度。理论分析和仿真检验都表明,该算法与以往的预测算法相比,计算量增加很少,但预测精度得到了明显的提高。进而减缓了图像的抖动和对操作者头部运动的限制,提高了与虚拟场景的适应能力。     

虚拟场景中的碰撞检测算法

综述了当前出现的虚拟场景中的各种碰撞检测算法。重点对包围盒层次法中的轴向包围盒法(AABB)、方向包围盒法(OBB)、离散方向多面体法(K-DOPs)的检测原理和检测效率进行了分析比较。得出的主要结论是:包围盒层次法应用极为广泛,检测效率取决于对包围盒的选取。K-DOPs是介于AABBs和凸包之间的包围盒,只要合理地选取平行平面对的个数和方向,就可以在碰撞检测的简单性和包裹物体的紧密性之间取得较好的折衷。     

LabVIEW在虚拟仿真中的应用

为了解决实际装备在教学中缺乏的问题,可以采用虚拟仪器技术搭建近似真实的虚拟教学平台,在平台上开发各种与实际装备功能和界面一致的虚拟装备,以弥补实际装备的不足,利用虚拟仪器的思想,采用图形化编程语言LABVIEM,完成了某电台装备的整体设计和功能实现,着重介绍了其实现技术细节。     

基于遗传算法的涡轮增压器叶轮优化设计

提出了一种基于遗传优化理论的涡轮增压器叶轮的优化设计方法,论述了以涡轮增压器叶轮能量损失最小为目标函数,以叶轮叶片进口角、进口直径、进口宽度、出口直径、叶片数、出口角为设计变量的涡轮增压器叶轮的优化设计模型及优化计算的方法,数值计算表明,这种算法可以方便地求得具有最小涡轮损失的涡轮叶形参数.     

应用虚拟检测技术开发的舰艇机电设备通用测试分析仪

针对舰艇机电设备复杂 ,需要监测的参数数量大、种类多等实际情况 ,研制了一种通用测试分析仪 .该仪器采用虚拟检测技术 ,功能全面、携带方面、经济可靠 ,具有较高的推广价值和应用前景 .     

多级可修备件库存的生灭过程建模与优化

针对VARI-METRIC模型在低可用度下结果不准确的问题,建立基于生灭过程的任意等级、任意层级可修件库存优化模型。通过对各级站点、各类备件需求率与到达率的预测,对每个部件建立其生灭过程模型,并提出基于生灭过程的装备可用度计算方法。以整个保障系统的装备可用度为约束指标,以备件总购置费最低为目标,利用边际算法得到最优备件配置方案,并建立仿真模型对所得优化方案进行评估与调整。结合算例,以仿真结果作为检验标准,选取权威的VMETRIC软件与该解析模型在优化性能、计算精度及适用性上进行对比和说明。结果表明,无论是解析模型还是VMETRIC软件,均存在一定的适用范围,而采用解析与仿真相结合的方法无疑具有更强的适应性。     

Optimal service and arrival rates in Jackson queueing networks

In this paper we present an algorithm for solving a class of queueing network design problems. Specifically, we focus on determining both service and arrival rates in an open Jackson network of queueing stations. This class of problems has been widely studied and used in a variety of applications, but not well solved due to the difficulty of the resulting optimization problems. As an example, consider the classic application in computer network design which involves determining the minimum cost line capacities and flow assignments while satisfying a queueing performance measure such as an upper limit on transmission delay. Other application areas requiring the selection of both service and arrival rates in a network of queues include the design of communication, manufacturing, and health care systems. These applications yield optimization problems that are difficult to solve because typically they are nonconvex, which means they may have many locally optimal solutions that are not necessarily globally optimal. Therefore, to obtain a globally optimal solution, we develop an efficient branch and bound algorithm that takes advantage of the problem structure. Computational testing on randomly generated problems and actual problems from a health care organization indicate that the algorithm is able to solve realistic sized problems in reasonable computing time on a laptop computer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 1–17, 2000     

Optimal (τ, T) opportunistic maintenance of a k‐out‐of‐n:G system with imperfect PM and partial failure

The opportunistic maintenance of a k‐out‐of‐n:G system with imperfect preventive maintenance (PM) is studied in this paper, where partial failure is allowed. In many applications, the optimal maintenance actions for one component often depend on the states of the other components and system reliability requirements. Two new (τ, T) opportunistic maintenance models with the consideration of reliability requirements are proposed. In these two models, only minimal repairs are performed on failed components before time τ and the corrective maintenance (CM) of all failed components are combined with PM of all functioning but deteriorated components after τ; if the system survives to time T without perfect maintenance, it will be subject to PM at time T. Considering maintenance time, asymptotic system cost rate and availability are derived. The results obtained generalize and unify some previous research in this area. Application to aircraft engine maintenance is presented. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons;, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 223–239, 2000