Contracts and coordination: Supply chains with uncertain demand and supply

Considering a supply chain with a supplier subject to yield uncertainty selling to a retailer facing stochastic demand, we find that commonly studied classical coordination contracts fail to coordinate both the supplier's production and the retailer's procurement decisions and achieve efficient performance. First, we study the vendor managed inventory (VMI) partnership. We find that a consignment VMI partnership coupled with a production cost subsidy achieves perfect coordination and a win‐win outcome; it is simple to implement and arbitrarily allocates total channel profit. The production cost subsidy optimally chosen through Nash bargaining analysis depends on the bargaining power of the supplier and the retailer. Further, motivated by the practice that sometimes the retailer and the supplier can arrange a “late order,” we also analyze the behavior of an advance‐purchase discount (APD) contract. We find that an APD with a revenue sharing contract can efficiently coordinate the supply chain as well as achieve flexible profit allocation. Finally, we explore which coordination contract works better for the supplier vs. the retailer. It is interesting to observe that Nash bargaining solutions for the two coordination contracts are equivalent. We further provide recommendations on the applications of these contracts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 305–319, 2016     

Integrating decisions with advance supply information in an assemble-to-order system

We study a periodic-review assemble-to-order (ATO) system with multiple components and multiple products, in which the inventory replenishment for each component follows an independent base-stock policy and stochastic product demands are satisfied according to a First-Come-First-Served rule. We assume that the replenishment for various component suffers from lead time uncertainty. However, the decision maker has the so-called advance supply information (ASI) associated with the lead times and thus can take advantage of the information for system optimization. We propose a multistage stochastic integer program that incorporates ASI to address the joint optimization of inventory replenishment and component allocation. The optimal base-stock policy for the inventory replenishment is determined using the sample average approximation algorithm. Also, we provide a modified order-based component allocation (MOBCA) heuristic for the component allocation. We additionally consider a special case of the variable lead times where the resulting two-stage stochastic programming model can be characterized as a single-scenario case of the proposed multistage model. We carry out extensive computational studies to quantify the benefits of integrating ASI into joint optimization and to explore the possibility of employing the two-stage model as a relatively efficient approximation scheme for the multistage model.     

逆变器驱动电机系统EMC模型建立及直流侧传导干扰研究

针对逆变器驱动电机系统建立了EMC(电磁兼容)模型,其中改进了三相异步电机的EMC模型,通过构建实验系统,对系统的直流侧传导干扰进行了测量,并采用Simulink工具对系统进行了时域传导干扰分析,仿真结果与实验吻合,结果显示主要传导干扰出现在逆变器载频的整数倍附近,在0～150kHz频段中随频率增加,传导干扰增大,其中共模传导干扰占主要成分.     

Resequencing with parallel queues to minimize the maximum number of items in the overflow area

This article treats an elementary optimization problem, where an inbound stream of successive items is to be resequenced with the help of multiple parallel queues in order to restore an intended target sequence. Whenever early items block the one item to be currently released into the target sequence, they are withdrawn from their queue and intermediately stored in an overflow area until their actual release is reached. We aim to minimize the maximum number of items simultaneously stored in the overflow area during the complete resequencing process. We met this problem in industry practice at a large German automobile producer, who has to resequence containers with car seats prior to the assembly process. We formalize the resulting resequencing problem and provide suited exact and heuristic solution algorithms. In our computational study, we also address managerial aspects such as how to properly avoid the negative effects of sequence alterations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 401–415, 2016     

警用脉冲防暴水炮新型喷嘴内部流场的大涡模拟

根据新型喷嘴的结构特点，构建了喷嘴的物理模型和数学模型，并采用Fluent6．2．16软件中的LES模型对喷嘴流场进行数值计算。模拟结果表明：射流进入喷嘴收缩段后会发生强烈的剪切作用，引起流场速度和压力的急剧变化。收缩角对喷嘴内部流场的影响较大，本模型中收缩角优化值取30°，圆柱段长度对喷嘴内部流场也存在影响，本模型中该长度优化值取32mm。     

潜射弹道导弹出水姿态分析

分析了潜艇深度、纵倾角、横倾角、海面风速、海面波长、平均波高等因素对潜射导弹的偏航角、俯仰角、滚动角、偏航角速度、俯仰角速度、滚动角速度的影响。由于实验数据比较分散,不适合神经网络的训练,所以首先对实验数据模糊化,并用以对神经网络的训练。用训练好的神经网络分析了潜艇单因素变化的导弹出水姿态。     

Optimal operating policies in a commodity trading market with the manufacturer's presence

With the help of the Internet and express delivery at relatively low costs, trading markets have become increasingly popular as a venue to sell excess inventory and a source to obtain products at lower prices. In this article, we study the operational decisions in the presence of a trading market in a periodic‐review, finite‐horizon setting. Prices in the trading market change periodically and are determined endogenously by the demand and supply in the market. We characterize the retailers'optimal ordering and trading policies when the original manufacturer and the trading market co‐exist and retailers face fees to participate in the trading market. Comparing with the case with no trading fees, we obtain insights into the impact of trading fees and the fee structure on the retailers and the manufacturer. Further, we find that by continually staying in the market, the manufacturer may use her pricing strategies to counter‐balance the negative impact of the trading market on her profit. Finally, we extend the model to the case when retailers dynamically update their demand distribution based on demand observations in previous periods. A numerical study provides additional insights into the impact of demand updating in a trading market with the manufacturer's competition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

国家能源供给对军队后勤建设的影响研究

军队后勤建设离不开国家能源供给,军队能源储备、军事训练、国防工程、科研试验以及日常生活等方面均与国家能源供给有着密切的关系。探讨了国家能源供给对军队后勤建设的影响内容,分析了国家能源供给对军队后勤建设的影响,提出了确定国家能源供给对军队后勤建设影响的方法步骤。     

管道瞬态激振响应管长的计算

在水击压力波沿管道传播的过程中，遇到内部流场边界时，就会对管道产生激振响应，从而引起管道的振动。针对管道的激振响应，分别从水击波的简化模型和考虑管道和流体相互作用的固液耦合模型，推导了管道瞬态激振响应中的激振部件间隔管长计算公式，分析比较了简化模型和耦合模型的不同，并且提出一些防止共振的方法。     

侧壁式气垫船水压场试验研究

在拖曳水池中对侧壁式气垫船的水压场进行了系统测量,得到不同水深、不同航速和不同横向位置水底扰动压力系数的纵向通过特性曲线,分析总结了侧壁式气垫船水压场规律.