One size does not fit all: personalized incentives in military compensation

A critical element in implementing a compensation scheme including nonmonetary incentives (NMIs) is recognizing that preferences vary widely across Service members. There are at least three sources of variability: across different population classes, across individuals within a population class, and across NMI packages for a particular individual. Surveys across different military communities, ranks, and years of Service show the difficulty of identifying any NMI that has significant value for even 50% of the active duty force. At the same time, approximately 80% of the surveyed Service members expressed a significant positive value for at least one NMI. Therefore, one-size-fits-all incentive packages will not be nearly as effective as more personalized incentive packages. The authors discuss variability in Service member NMI preferences and outline an approach to implementing personalized NMI packages in military compensation through a sealed-bid reverse auction, where Service members select individual NMIs from a “cafeteria-style” menu of options.     

武警院校“四位一体”心理服务模式探索与实践

武警院校“四位一体”心理服务模式的主要职能任务包括课堂教学、测试咨询、心理训练和部队服务,在制度保障机制、组织保障机制和物质保障机制下有效运行,能够增强院校心理课堂教学的效果,拓宽官兵维护心理健康的渠道,提升部队心理骨干的业务能力。     

Using stochastic programming to solve an outpatient appointment scheduling problem with random service and arrival times

We study a stochastic outpatient appointment scheduling problem (SOASP) in which we need to design a schedule and an adaptive rescheduling (i.e., resequencing or declining) policy for a set of patients. Each patient has a known type and associated probability distributions of random service duration and random arrival time. Finding a provably optimal solution to this problem requires solving a multistage stochastic mixed‐integer program (MSMIP) with a schedule optimization problem solved at each stage, determining the optimal rescheduling policy over the various random service durations and arrival times. In recognition that this MSMIP is intractable, we first consider a two‐stage model (TSM) that relaxes the nonanticipativity constraints of MSMIP and so yields a lower bound. Second, we derive a set of valid inequalities to strengthen and improve the solvability of the TSM formulation. Third, we obtain an upper bound for the MSMIP by solving the TSM under the feasible (and easily implementable) appointment order (AO) policy, which requires that patients are served in the order of their scheduled appointments, independent of their actual arrival times. Fourth, we propose a Monte Carlo approach to evaluate the relative gap between the MSMIP upper and lower bounds. Finally, in a series of numerical experiments, we show that these two bounds are very close in a wide range of SOASP instances, demonstrating the near‐optimality of the AO policy. We also identify parameter settings that result in a large gap in between these two bounds. Accordingly, we propose an alternative policy based on neighbor‐swapping. We demonstrate that this alternative policy leads to a much tighter upper bound and significantly shrinks the gap.     

一种完全分布式的空间服务及组合模型

针对服务组合中控制流和数据流的不同协调机制,可将组合模型分为4种类型,分别是控制流集中式且数据流集中式、控制流集中式且数据流分布式、控制流分布式且数据流集中式、控制流分布式且数据流分布式.空间服务组合流程需处理较大规模的数据流,采用控制流分布式和数据流分布式的协调机制能有效降低组合过程中系统整体通信规模并减少空间服务组合响应时间.通过对各种不同组合类型建模的定量分析对上述观点进行了正确性论证.模拟实验证明,定量分析结果可信.     

Impacts of logistics information on sales: Evidence from Alibaba

Facing fierce competition from rivals, sellers in online marketplaces are eager to improve their sales by delivering items faster and more reliably. Because logistics quality can be known only after a transaction, sellers must identify effective ways to communicate logistics information to consumers. Drawing on the accessibility-diagnosticity framework, we theorize that the sales impacts of logistics information depend on its relative diagnostic value. Using data on 1493 items with 505,785 consumer reviews from an online marketplace, we examine how sales are affected by three information sources for logistics services: online word of mouth (WOM) about logistics, self-reported logistics services, and expected delivery time. We use an instrumental variable method to address the endogeneity issue between sales and WOM. We find that, ceteris paribus, consumers give more weight to WOM about logistics and delivery time when they make purchase decisions but less weight to self-reported logistics service. The effects of logistics information on sales are asymmetric for large and small sellers.     

基于依赖矩阵的Web服务组合故障诊断

为了保证指挥信息系统在动态环境下能够提供持续可靠的组合服务,提出一种利用依赖矩阵对Web服务组合故障原因进行诊断的模型,对依赖矩阵的建立进行了详细说明。然后,基于构造的依赖矩阵,提出改进的贪心算法对失效情况进行探测,并设计了基于二分查找的故障定位算法。实验模拟表明,提出的模型能够利用少量探测就能监测整个服务组合流程的运行情况,并定位找到错误源。     

层次聚类方法在消防投入分类中的应用

以中国消防年鉴2005年全国城市消防规划和城市公共消防设施建设情况统计资料为例,运用SPSS统计分析软件对全国各省消防基础设施建设情况进行分类汇总分析,从消防投入角度对新形势下的消防工作提出指导意见。     

基于粒子滤波改进的VTS微弱目标检测前跟踪算法

舰船交通服务系统是民用雷达的信息集成系统,探测微弱目标存在RCS小、回波弱、杂波强等问题,导致信噪比低,难以实现有效检测跟踪。基于粒子滤波的检测前跟踪技术对低信噪比下微弱目标信息积累和探测有良好效果。通过采集单设备实测数据,构建遗忘因子和收敛因子以增加重采样的效率,引入虚拟采样保持粒子的多样性,提升粒子滤波对微弱目标的探测能力。仿真试验表明,改进后的算法可实现舰船交通服务系统对微弱目标的有效探测,并能获得较精准的目标状态估计值。     

航天器智能能力的构建

为解决航天器智能能力的构建和智能技术的引入问题,从能力部署视角提出了智能等级的划分,从定性的自动、自治、自主的等级出发,自底向上分解为数据注入接收能力、任务执行能力、自学习能力、系统自我管理能力、任务自我管理和思考能力,其程度分为底层反应、中层程序和高层思考。对照上述能力给出可实施的5阶模型和人字架构。人字架构是以即插即用技术加自主控制技术来支持上层智能能力的模型。该模型基于航天器接口业务架构和欧洲空间局的包应用标准业务,采用管理信息库和电子数据单技术进行数据化设计。对应星上的智能能力等级讨论相适应的地面系统能力。人字架构具有层次化、业务模型化和自底向上归一化构建的特点,对上层智能技术的引入是开放的。     

基于本体的仿真服务定制与组合

为实现快速构建仿真系统,提出了面向服务的仿真开发模式,基于本体和Web服务进行仿真服务的定制与组合。给出了本体、仿真服务等基本概念,详细定义领域本体、需求本体和服务本体;提出了仿真服务定制模型及系统框架;分析了需求目标与仿真服务之间存在的逻辑关系,并确定了服务定制的一般过程。基于网格工具集初步实现了仿真服务定制和组合系统,验证了上述方法的可行性。