空化射流实验研究

空化水射流技术是将空化作用引入到高压水射流而形成的一种新型高压水射流技术，在同等条件下，空化射流相对于普通高压水射流具有破碎和切割能力更高的特点。通过数值模拟和实验方法对空化技术进行研究，进行了喷嘴流场的数值模拟计算，设计了空化射流实验装置及空化喷嘴。以生锈铁板为研究对象，分别进行了喷嘴型号、打击时间、入口压力、靶距和扩散段长度的空化射流打击效果对比实验，研究了空化参数对空化效果的影响。实验结果表明角形喷嘴进行淹没射流的空化效果较好，空化射流除锈具有最优打击时间。不同的入口压力对应不同的最佳靶距。     

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge (RLSC) are investigated by experiments and simulations. The reactive materials liner with a density of 2.3 g/cm³ is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380 °C. Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 CD (charge diameter), respectively. The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff, while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff. To understand the unusual experimental results, numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect, including the propagation behavior of detonation wave, the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet, and penetration depth of reactive jet. The simulations indicate that, compared with RLSC without wave shaper, there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper. This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline, which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.     

单兵火箭燃气射流噪声抑制的实验研究

为了能够有效抑制单兵火箭发射时的燃气射流噪声,设计了液体水圆柱形平衡体安置在火箭发动机后面,对平衡体降噪进行实验研究。在实验中利用压电式传感器测得了发射筒周围的冲击波超压值,与没加液体水平衡体实验测得的超压值相比较,发现放液体水平衡体时在改进发动机推力性能的同时,降低了整个观测区域的噪声,尤其是射流上游,起到了显著的降噪效果,并分析了火箭燃气射流与液体水平衡体相互作用的机理。实验结果对单兵火箭发射的噪声防护问题研究提供了科学依据。     

舰船横向消磁技术初步研究

针对消磁站沿地磁东西方向建设时地磁场的补偿问题,研究了横向地磁补偿线圈的布置方案及优化问题,提出了补偿线圈部分交叠放置的布置方法,并采用Powell法对补偿线圈中的补偿电流进行了优化。实验结果表明:线圈交叠放置确实能改善横向地磁的补偿情况,而如果将交叠线圈中的电流作为独立变量分别进行优化时,横向地磁的补偿效果将得到明显的改善。     

聚能射流形成过程的理论建模与分析

分析了聚能射流的形成过程,并对其中的各阶段进行了详细建模。在模型中考虑了炸药爆轰、金属的驱动、药型罩压垮以及射流和杵体的形成过程。采用该模型对某一聚能装药结构进行了计算,计算结果表明:药型罩顶部和底部微元的压垮速度较小,在射流头部形成反向速度梯度,与试验数据吻合较好。该模型对于多级侵彻战斗部的工程设计与侵彻参数的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积涵道引射器数值模拟

为了提高风扇外涵和核心机驱动风扇级外涵流体的掺混效率，提出一种采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积引射器设计方案。通过数值模拟的手段对流量特性、流动掺混和总压损失等方面进行了研究，并同基准模型进行了对比分析，结果表明：采用波瓣混合器结构的前可调面积引射器设计，显著地增加了较高出口背压工况下风扇外涵的流通能力；新的设计方案不仅没有增加低出口背压工况下的总压损失，还减小了高背压出口工况下的流动损失；流向涡的特征尺度是提高掺混效率的关键，可以进一步优化波瓣混合器几何轮廓，以满足调节机构对结构设计的要求。     

Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet

To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine (SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model (SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed. By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168–1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor (WFRCA).     

超声辅助喷射电沉积Ni镀层的表面形貌及硬度

试验以直接超声方式,在喷射电沉积装置的基础上加载超声设备,分别在20℃和50℃两种镀液温度下在A3钢基体上制备了加载超声和不加载超声Ni镀层,研究了超声波及温度对Ni镀层表面形貌和硬度的影响。试验结果分析表明：在20℃条件下,超声可避免镀层裂纹的产生,提高镀层的硬度;在50℃条件下,超声可细化镀层的组织,且可显著提高镀层硬度;超声波对喷射电沉积层组织和性能的影响机理主要在于超声空化引起的析氢减少、细晶强化和加工硬度。     

横向运动板干扰聚能射流的数值模拟

基于有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA和LS-PREPOST,用ALE算法对射流垂直侵彻横向运动防护板的过程进行模拟分析。防护板在不同速度下干扰射流时,对防护板和后效板上的开坑形状进行分析,并计算后效板上的最终侵深及射流轴线上的速度降,得到射流在横向防护板作用下后效板侵深及射流轴线上的速度降随防护板速度变化的曲线。结果表明,防护板抗射流侵彻能力随防护板速度的增加而增强,尤其是防护板横向速度在0～100m/s增加时,抗射流侵彻能力增强较为明显。     

高速水射流倒空弹体装药安全性研究

本文阐述了高速水射流倒空弹体装药的机理,建立了确定水射流引爆炸药的临界速度的模拟实验方法和模型,进行了高速水射流冲击炸药的安全性试验,并对试验结果进行了分析,证明在工作泵压下高速水射流倒空弹体装药安全、可靠。