艰难的“氢弹决策”

第二次世界大战后，美苏展开了长达40余年的冷战，以核武器为重要标志的军备竞赛，如同“达摩克利斯之剑”，将全世界都笼罩在“第三次世界大战”、“核冬天”的阴影之下。1950年1月，美国总统杜鲁门作出研发氢弹的决定，成为一项在整个冷战期间具有里程碑意义的战略决策。     

基于非线性Kalman滤波的导航系统误差补偿技术

针对非线性非高斯导航系统信息处理问题,采用自组织算法、神经网络和遗传算法等改进传统非线性Kalman滤波算法,构建一种自适应的组合导航系统。应用具有冗余趋势项的自组织算法、Volterra神经网络和遗传算法,建立导航系统误差的非线性预测模型,进而计算得到其预测值;将该预测值与Kalman滤波算法求得的估计值进行比较得到差值,以此监测Kalman滤波算法的工作状态;采用自适应控制方法,在导航系统结构层面改进Kalman滤波算法,构建新型的导航系统误差补偿模型。开展基于导航系统KIND-34的半实物仿真研究,应用所提出的改进方法改善了导航系统误差的补偿效果,提高了组合导航系统的自适应能力和容错能力。     

"堡垒"计划的破产罗科索夫斯基元帅忆库尔斯克战役准备工作

承蒙解放军出版社同意和支持．刊登《罗科索夫斯基元帅战争回忆录》(解放军出版社,2003年1月)摘选。所选章节为罗科索夫斯基元帅参与库尔斯克战役的内容。因文章篇幅较长,有删节,题目为原章节标题, 小标题为编者所加。     

A platform for initial testing of multiple camouflage patterns

The human visual system is still an important factor in military warfare; military personnel receive training on effective search strategies, and camouflage that can effectively conceal objects and personnel is a key component of a successful integrated survivability strategy. Previous methods of camouflage assessment have, amongst others, used psychophysics to generate distinctiveness metrics. However, the population from which the human observers are drawn is often not well defined, or necessarily appropriate. In this experiment we designed a new platform for testing multiple patterns based on a camouflaged object detection task, and investigate whether trained military observers perform better than civilians. We use a two-alternative forced choice paradigm, with participants searching images of woodland for a replica military helmet displaying Olive Green, Multi Terrain Pattern, US Marine Pattern or, as a conspicuous control, UN Peacekeeper Blue. Our data show that there is no difference in detection performance between the two observer groups but that there are clear differences in the effectiveness of the different helmet colour patterns in a temperate woodland environment. We conclude that when tasks involve very short stimulus presentation times, task-specific training has little effect on the success of target detection and thus this paradigm is particularly suitable for robust estimates of camouflage efficacy.     

Field test and probabilistic analysis of irregular steel debris casualty risks from a person-borne improvised explosive device

Person-borne improvised explosive devices (PBIEDs) are often used in terrorist attacks in Western countries. This study aims to predict the trajectories of PBIED fragments and the subsequent safety risks for people exposed to this hazard. An explosive field test with a typical PBIED composed of a plastic explosive charge and steel nut enhancements was performed to record initial fragment behaviour, including positions, velocity, and trajectory angles. These data were used to predict the full trajectory of PBIED fragments using a probabilistic analysis. In the probabilistic analyses a probability of fatality or serious injury was computed. Based on the results presented, many practical conclusions can be drawn, for instance, regarding safe evacuation distances if a person were exposed to a suspected PBIED.     

Improvement of VIS and IR camouflage properties by impregnating cotton fabric with PVB/IF-WS2

In order to examine the possibility to improve its camouflage properties standard cotton fabric with camouflage print was impregnated with poly(vinyl butyral), PVB and fullerene-like nanoparticles of tungsten disulfide, PVB/IF-WS₂. FTIR analysis excluded any possible chemical interaction of IF-WS₂ with PVB and the fabric. The camouflage behavior of the impregnated fabric has been examined firstly in the VIS part of the spectrum. Diffuse reflection, specular gloss and color coordinates were measured for three different shades (black, brown and dark green). Thermal imaging was applied to examine the camouflage abilities of this impregnation in IR part of the spectrum. The obtained results show that PVB/IF-WS₂ impregnation system induced enhacement of the materials camouflage properties, i.e. that IF-WS₂ have a positive effect on spectrophotometric characteristics of the fabric.     

车轮浪漫曲

1949年1月,我在新泽西州的迪克斯堡结束了步兵基础训练,当时只有17岁的我正值年少气盛,血气方刚,感觉自己就像是电影《第一滴血》中兰博那样的硬汉。陆军派我到弗吉尼亚州的李营（现在的李堡）,担任营区司令部的办事员。我有生以来离开生长的纽约布鲁克林,到过最远的地方就是新泽西州的霍博肯了,因此当时的我可以说是心潮澎湃,急切地渴望着会有一番兰博式的冒险经历。     

电子战仿真系统中防空武器作战效能研究

介绍了电子战仿真系统总体结构,研究了空中拦截、地对空导弹及高炮等模块的作战效能模型,并用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ 试验方法分析了系统的电子对抗作战效能     

选择合理的显示系统

选用哪一种字符产生技术是一个深受信息显示系统总体设计制约的问题。例如,如果不是直接用作数字显示而是用作图形显示的话,就要求不同的字符产生器。如果显示器是作为“单个”（stand alone）设备,而不是像通常用于飞机场那样的成套的终端,也就会选择不同的系统。如果要使形成的系统满足设计的要求,不仅需要考虑到上述这些运用因     

一种新的非线性PCM编码器

已经研制出一种新的非线性编码器、解码器和PAM级。该系统适合于速率为6.3兆比特/秒的8位PCM码的传输。这相当于96个时分复用话路。压缩特性是对数型的,压缩和扩张的过程是以数字方式完成的。为了消除可能的失真,在编码过程中,编码器避免对PAM抽样的整流。本文给出实验模型的详细电路图。也讨论了应用于实验系统中的改进了的PAM抽样门。最后给出实验结果。