先进导弹结构受热估计方法的评述

用于先进导弹结构受热估计方法本身都有一定的保守度。通常希望保守度要适当,过分保守会导致过设计,使效率不高。本文说明当前所用的各种受热估计方法,通过与飞行试验数据的比较确定这些方法本身的保守度。用导弹结构的受热模型来评定结构温度对各种热传递参数的灵敏度,同时推荐确定导弹结构温度的方法。     

英国陆军的防空

早期历史作为英国国防政策的一部分,英国政府对北约欧洲中部前线承担义务。在战时,平时驻扎在那里的55000名士兵的部队将得到另外62000名来自英国本土正规军和国防军(TA)的增援。这些部队大部分来自于防空部队,这些防空部队不管它是属于正规军还是属于国防军都隶属于皇家炮兵团,受军团防空部门(CADC)统一指挥并统一采用1军团的指挥、控制和通讯(C~3)方式。防空部队的任务是防止敌方飞机干扰己方地面部队作战的实施。这种把     

低空防御系统的发展

引言由于地面反射能量淹没了飞机反射的能量,使得常规脉冲雷达难以发现低空飞行的飞机。早在二次大战期间,人们对这一事实的认识就促使人们研制多卜勒雷达,这种雷达根据飞机相对地面速度产生的多卜勒频率差分离目标信号与地杂波信号。最早的多卜勒雷达是连续波雷达,由雷锡恩公可首创,用在麻雀和霍克导弹系统上(接着被美国海军和苏联采纳)。后来,许多承包商把这些技术基础应用到多卜勒雷达上,因而后者兼有脉冲雷达和连续波雷     

陆军正为它的前方防空(FAAD)系统选择地面与空中探测器

对美国陆军的战术计划来说,前方防空是一项十分重要的工作。保卫坦克部队和其它有价值的前方目标,防御低空袭击是陆军新的前方防空(FAAD)系统的主要任务。通常,制订FAADS计划工作的本身就是对其指挥、控制和情报(C~2I)系统探测器的选择过程。这时,FAAD武器系统的两种武器已经选定并将立即投入生产。     

快速寻的制导的视线重构法

产生寻的制导所需信号的一种新方法,是通过导引头瞄视误差与积分速率陀螺信号的迭加来重构视线角。本文表明与其它制导系统实现方式相比,视线(LOS)重构法允许降低对稳定回路增益的要求。对于给定的稳定回路增益,利用视线重构法可获得较快的制导系统时间常数,从而使制导系统能达到比使用其它方法更精确的寻的。     

使用频率捷变和快速付里叶变换改善雷达距离分辨率

改善雷达距离分辨率的新技术紧跟着雷达和计算机的最新技术而进展。本文提出了用频率捷变和快速付里叶变换改善距离分辨率的新方法。使用极化技术寻的器的实验已证明,利用非压缩的50~(ns)脉冲雷达可以获得0.3m 的距离分辨率。     

The politics of population

This article suggests some of the principal factors behind the decisions by an increasing number of countries deciding that the achievement of their national objectives required a policy for population, and the way that they are likely to work out. By 1983, 35 developing countries had an official policy to reduce their population growth rate, and in 34 others, the government supported family planning activities--usually for reasons of health or as a human right. The number is remarkable given the many compelling reasons that governments have for not attempting anything so difficult as to modify demographic trends. The future results of population programs, in social and economic terms, are very difficult to quantify, thus defying cost-benefit analysis of the desirability of investing resources in this area, rather than in something else. There are also powerful political reasons why a government might well hesitate before embarking on a policy to reduce the nation's fertility. At the very least, it implies government interference in the most private and personal of human relations, an invasion of human rights, and a disturbance of the traditional patterns of society and behavior. For many countries that are pursuing a policy to limit population growth, the decision has been taken only after the grievous consequences of not having such a policy have already become manifest. The critical question is how soon a government will make the connection among political disobedience, economic and social distress, and the population explosion, and adopt a population policy. Although the number of developing countries that have officially proclaimed a strongly pro-natalist population policy is relatively small, many have Marxist governments. Overall, governments have several strategies at their disposal: 1) improving the accessability and the quality of the service; 2) promoting population education and family planning motivation (with the assistance of the media, folk art, and personal persuasion); and 3) applying a judicious mixture of incentives and disincentives.     

导弹发控机构

陶式导弹系统(简式发射、光学跟踪、有线制导)装在战车转塔上,以便提高战斗力。在导弹发射之前,瞄准手通过一个连锁机构使转塔随动于光学瞄准具,并控制光学瞄准具在方位上瞄准目标。导弹发射后,几个电气装置就接通了,这几个电气装置将连锁机构解锁,使光学瞄准具的转动不再受转塔的影响;打开转塔驱动马达的电源开关;并使马达制动,锁住转塔,从而在导弹飞行过程中为目标跟踪提供一个稳定平台。导弹命中目标之后,装置自动复原,使转塔在方位上再与光学瞄准具随动。