“三个代表”重要思想是马克思主义政党学说的新发展

“三个代表”重要思想是马克思主义论述的提炼和概括。以江泽民同志为核心的第三代领导集体不断研究新情况,不断总结我党的宝贵经验,提出了新时期党的建设的总目标,制定了一系列加强党的建设的重大举措,开辟了继毛泽东思想、邓小平理论之后马克思主义基本原理与中国实际相结合的又一新境界。     

The 1950 ‘Ambassador's agreement’ on USAF bases in the UK and British fears of US atomic unilateralism

The article explores the 1950 ‘Ambassador's Agreement’ (named after US Ambassador Lewis Douglas) about establishing long-term US air bases in the UK. During the discussions British representatives expressed resentment of American pressure and were concerned about the expense that developing the bases for American purposes might entail. There were even fears that Washington might use the airfields to launch an atomic bomb attack on the USSR without regard to the views of the UK government. The British consented to providing the bases because they wanted to enmesh the US further in UK and Western European defence. For their part American negotiators had wanted to further US atomic strategy without delay. Although the agreement imposed no restriction on the use of the airfields, some US officials believed that in a crisis the UK government might try to prevent them being used for atomic bombing missions.     

体育教学方法选择与运用的哲学思考

体育教学过程中矛盾的多样性决定了解决矛盾的教学方法的多样性。体育教学方法的选择与运用要充分认识各种方法的内涵 ,考虑体育教学内在规律和教学对象的适应性 ,重视教法与学法的协调 ,兼顾即时的显性效应和长期的潜在效应 ,提高体育教学方法选择与运用的科学性     

Tripwires and free-riders: Do forward-deployed U.S. troops reduce the willingness of host-country citizens to fight for their country?

This article investigates the relationship between U.S. overseas troops and the willingness of the citizens of host states to fight for their country. The study joins the long-running debate about burden-sharing and free-riding among U.S. allies. Unlike most previous empirical studies, we focus on non-material or intangible measures of the underlying concepts. Our dependent variable estimates the proportion of citizens expressing a willingness to fight for their country. Scores at the aggregate-national as well as the individual level are shaped by the presence of U.S. military forces, which act as a “tripwire” signaling credible security commitments. This increases opportunities of (non-material) free-riding. We present both bivariate and multivariate analyses covering the period 1981–2014 to test this supposition. Findings indicate that once U.S. troop levels reach a certain threshold (between 100 and 500 troops), citizens’ willingness to fight drops significantly. This likely reflects non-material free-riding.     

Groebner基下分离子插值函数模型

给出Groebner基下建立分离子插值函数模型的方法。对于任意离散时间序列可在字典序下找到相关分离子,并用此分离子构建该离散时间序列的函数模型,及其满足所给点列的多元插值函数。通过实例说明了模型建立过程。