中国女书法家及其成就略谈

中国女书法家并不鲜见,且成就斐然,能与男书法家匹敌,在书法艺术史上占有一定的地位。     

略论张恨水小说中的女性形象

张恨水是中国现代通俗文学大师,他塑造了众多生动的人物形象,几乎每一部小说中至少都有一个突出而鲜明的女性形象。本文主要通过对张恨水小说中女性形象类型,塑造女性形象的艺术手法,女性形象身上寄托了张恨水的人生思想等三个方面来分析张恨水小说中的女性形象,探究张恨水笔下的女性形象所蕴藏的深层文化内涵,反观张恨水的人生价值立场和人文关怀。     

Women combatants and the liberation movements in South Africa

This article examines women's role as combatants in national liberation forces in South Africa. Three categories – guerrilla girls, combative mothers and the in-betweeners – are introduced to underscore the varied ways in which women have participated in combat within the national liberation movements. Factors such as age and one's ability to leave the country affected whether women could participate in combat as ‘guerrilla girls’ or if it limited them to fighting apartheid violence from home, or if there were women who can be defined as having fallen somewhere in between these categories. These categories are used to theorise women's combat roles in the anti-apartheid struggle, thus broadening and challenging the dominant notions of combat that often hide women's contributions in war. In this regard, different periods of struggle, physical location, as well as age, determined the methods of activism available to men and women.     

Women police in the Nigerian security sector

This article details the history and philosophy behind major changes in police tradition and organisation in Nigeria in 1955. Women in the Nigeria Police Force (NPF), influenced by their background as enforcers of societal norms, developed a type of social-work-oriented policing. Using primary and secondary sources of historical information, this article discusses the origin of women in the NPF, the specialised role of women in police work, and the changes that have been effected in the roles and functions of women in policing in Nigeria. Situated within the conceptual frameworks of patriarchy and gender, this article argues that gender biases impeded the incorporation of women into the police and, when eventually introduced, gender limitations constrained their roles, operations and activities.     

Women,peace and security in Africa

This article highlights and critiques the underlying conceptualisations and assumptions of the women, peace and security (WPS) agenda that emerged with the adoption of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 in 2000. The main argument is that we need to rethink the WPS agenda to produce more holistic and groundbreaking responses for the types of challenges encountered, i.e., that gender inequality and insecurity are deep rooted and multi-layered, and thus negate mechanistic responses that do not deal with cultural and structural issues. It specifically focuses on gender and peace-making and gender and peacekeeping to point to the pitfalls in the current conceptions and practices in this arena.     

Counterinsurgency or irregular warfare? Historiography and the study of ‘small wars’

This article argues that the history of irregular warfare provides a valuable analytical and critical perspective for the study of counterinsurgency campaigns and counterinsurgency doctrine. A focus on the history of irregular warfare highlights the close relationship between warfare in Europe and in the colonies. Moreover, it enables us to identify more exactly the intersection of multiple factors that lead to an escalation of violence in small wars. Finally, it also sheds light on the lack of strategic reflection on the use of irregular auxiliaries that is characteristic for many counterinsurgency campaigns.     

近十年国内女性休闲研究现况分析

本研究采用内容分析法对从2002年起至2011年中国期刊网、博士论文、硕士论文网有关女性休闲主题131篇研究论文进行数量、主题、研究对象、研究方法等运用情形分析。期望有助于休闲相关学者对本领域的现况、特性及发展趋势有完整了解。研究结果显示:十年间论文数量整体呈现快速增长趋势,但高质量核心期刊论文比例少,其中50%核心论文以休闲体育为题发表在体育类核心期刊;论文内容也侧重休闲体育,缺少涵盖休闲体育在内的休闲行为整体研究;研究主题以休闲态度与行为实证研究为主,多采用定量的问卷调查,缺少定性的访谈、观察等研究相结合的综合性研究。建议借鉴其他学科资讯,增加研究主题多样性,从多方法、多角度提升研究水平,还应补充文献资料整合研究及外文资料成果。     

“大旨谈情”与补天之恨——《红楼梦》思想价值再探

《红楼梦》的价值在于它不仅是一部描写爱情的小说,还对人的价值和社会出路作了终极探索。＂大旨谈情＂与＂补天＂之恨有机地联系在一起,成为小说的基本主题。而这一主题的形成,又与他的亲身经历有密切联系,作者把这种联系艺术化地体现于作品中,成为我们理解小说思想的一把钥匙。     

Reconsidering the Legal Equality of Combatants

ABSTRACT

The legal equality of combatants (LEC) is a fixture of international law and just war theory. Both scholars who embrace and those who reject the moral equality of combatants seem committed to the legal equality of combatants. Their reasons usually include pragmatic worries about unjust combatants committing even more harm if they were to be simply prohibited from fighting. In this article I argue that this sweeping commitment to the legal equality of combatants is mistaken and that it is often grounded in a misunderstanding of the way international law governs behavior.     

‘Like going to a fiesta’ – the role of female fighters in Colombia's FARC-EP

Traditionally women and children have been seen as victims rather than protagonists in conflict. However, since the 1970s, women and children have assumed an active role as combatants in Colombian insurgencies. This is especially true of the FARC-EP, which integrates women into its political and military structure in ways that give them a sense of participation, accomplishment and satisfaction. Without their contributions, including sexual services, the FARC could probably not survive. However, despite their favourable experiences, many women ultimately become disillusioned with the FARC's masculine culture and value system that fails to accommodate their aspirations as women.