球形破片侵彻明胶运动模型及破片参数敏感性分析

为揭示球形破片对人体组织致伤机理,以明胶作为人体组织的替代物,基于动态空腔膨胀理论,考虑球形破片未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减,建立了球形破片侵彻明胶的分段运动理论模型,研究了球形破片侵彻明胶的运动规律。通过钢球和钨球侵彻明胶的实验验证了模型的正确性,求解了模型中的最优阻力系数。分析了理论计算过程中的误差来源,并推导得到了无量纲侵彻深度的表达式。利用Sobol′法进行了球形破片参数(直径、密度和速度)对侵彻深度影响的敏感性分析。结果表明：运动模型能够较好地模拟球形破片的运动规律;低密度的球形破片在未完全侵入阶段的速度衰减不能忽略;球形破片参数对侵彻深度影响的敏感性由高到低依次是速度、密度和直径。     

Experimental study of transient pressure wave in the behind armor blunt trauma induced by different rifle bullets

Pressure wave plays an important role in the occurrence of behind armor blunt trauma (BABT), and ballistic gelatin is widely used as a surrogate of biological tissue in the research of BABT. Comparison of pressure wave in the gelatin behind armor for different rifle bullets is lacking. The aim of this study was to observe dynamic changes in pressure wave induced by ballistic blunt impact on the armored gelatin block and to compare the effects of bullet type on the parameters of the transient pressure wave. The gelatin blocks protected with National Institute of Justice (NIJ) class III bulletproof armor were shot by three types of rifle bullet with the same level of impact energy. The transient pressure signals at five locations were recorded with pressure sensors and three parameters (maximum pressure, maximum pressure impulse, and the duration of the first positive phase) were determined and discussed. The results indicated that the waveform and the twin peak of transient pressure wave were not related to the bullet type. However, the values of pressure wave’s parameters were significantly affected by bullet type. Additionally, the attenuation of pressure amplitude followed the similar law for the three ammunitions. These findings may be helpful to get some insight in the BABT and improve the structure design of bullet.