某型运载火箭1/5动力学缩比模型设计

缩比模型试验是获取大型运载火箭动特性的一种有效途径，其中一项重要内容是动力学缩比模型设计。本文以某型运载火箭为原型对象，首先根据其结构组成分别推导各部件的相似关系；然后，利用横向刚度和质量相似系数保持一致性，联立形成了运载火箭横向动特性相似关系；同时，考虑实际加工制造条件，分析了横向刚度和质量相似系数的约束；最后，根据上述相似关系和相似系数约束设计了1/5缩比模型，并对该缩比模型的动特性相似进行了有限元数值计算验证。验证结果表明，设计所得1/5缩比模型在动特性方面与原型具有较高的相似性，相关方法能够有效应用于运载火箭的动力学缩比模型设计。

1/5 dynamic scaled model design of a launch vehicle

Scale model test is an effective approach to obtain dynamic characteristics of large launch vehicle, in which the design of dynamic scale model is one of the most important parts. In this paper, a launch vehicle is taken as the object. First, the similarity relationships for each part were derived base on the structural components of the launch vehicle. Then, take advantage of the consistent similarity in respect of transverse stiffness and mass, transverse dynamic similarity relationships of the launch vehicle was derived. Meanwhile the restrictions of similarity coefficient for transverse stiffness and mass were analyzed. Finally, according to the relationships and the restrictions above, a 1/5 dynamic scale model was designed and its similarity of dynamic characteristics was verified through the numerical analysis of finite element. The verification result shows that the 1/5 scale model get a high-level similarity with the prototype in terms of dynamic characteristics, and the method can be effectively applied to the design of dynamic scale model for launch vehicle.