太阳风作用下航天器表面充电效应分析

针对太阳风等离子体中航天器的充电过程,基于欧洲航天局开发的航天器表面充电仿真软件,建立了航天器的数值计算模型,模拟了太阳风等离子体与航天器的相互作用,实现了不同表面材料时航天器表面电位以及尾迹结构的计算分析,给出了近日环境下航天器周围的空间电位结构以及等离子体密度分布情况。研究结果表明:表面材料的选择将影响空间势垒深度以及尾迹结构,表面充电至更低电位的表面材料具有较小尾迹区域；航天器向阳面电位分布主要由光电子以及二次电子主导,而背阳面的电位分布则主要受到尾迹效应的影响。以上结果对太阳风环境航天器探测和评估等相关工作以及工程研究具有一定的理论参考价值。

Analysis of charging effect on spacecraft surface under solar wind

Aiming at the charging process of the spacecraft in the solar wind plasma, based on the spacecraft surface charging simulation software developed by the European Space Agency, a numerical calculation model of the spacecraft was established. The interaction between the solar wind plasma and the spacecraft was simulated, and different surface materials were simulated. The calculation and analysis of the surface potential of the spacecraft and the structure of the wake were realized, and the spatial potential structure and plasma density distribution around the spacecraft in the near-day environment were given. The research results show that the choice of surface material will affect the depth of the space barrier and the structure of the wake, and the surface material whose surface is charged to a lower potential has a smaller wake area; the potential distribution of the spacecraft towards the sun is mainly dominated by photoelectrons and secondary electrons, while the back of the potential distribution of the positive side is mainly affected by the wake effect. The above results have certain theoretical reference value for related work such as detection and evaluation of solar wind environment spacecraft and engineering research.