空间碎片天基主动清除技术发展现状及趋势

随着国内外航天发射任务逐年增多,大量在轨滞留的失效航天器将成为未来空间资源有效利用所面临的一个严峻挑战。空间碎片天基主动清除技术是从根源上对空间资源化利用与安全处置的措施,将提升和加强近地空间的可持续循环利用。本文明晰了空间碎片天基主动清除的概念,分析了空间碎片天基主动清除技术的发展历程,提出了其发展过程中面临的非合作目标相对导航、协调控制和捕获方式及装置等主要问题,为我国空间碎片天基主动清除技术的发展提出了有益参考。

Development status and tendency of active debris removal

With the increasing of domestic and foreign launching tasks, it is becoming a serious challenge that plenty of failure or invalid spacecrafts in the process of space resources recycling. The active debris removal could be regarded as an effective and fundamental mean that would realize the reuse of space resource and safe disposal. The concept of active debris removal is clarified and its development process also is analyzed in this paper. Then, some key techniques, such as relative navigation, coordinated control, capture method and device for non-cooperative target, are proposed. It will provide some fruitful reference for our country"s active debris removal in future.