接近观测最后逼近段最优制导方法

接近观测是一种新兴的天基观测手段,精确地导引飞行器到达目标附近合适的观测点是关键技术之一。针对接近观测最后逼近段制导问题,提出了一种最优末制导方法。在惯性系中建立了相对运动方程,把目标和观测点的相对位置作为终端约束,引入了综合考虑飞行时间与燃料消耗要求的性能指标,从而把接近目标的过程转化为最优控制问题,求解出最优推力方向、发动机工作时间和飞行时间。在此基础上,设计了最优制导方案。仿真分析表明最优末制导方法的精度较高,能够满足抵近观察任务的要求,同时对深空探测、交会对接等任务具有借鉴意义。

Optimal guidance for terminal phase of approaching observation

Approaching observation is a new way of space-based inspection . Precisely steering the flight vehicle to the observing point nearby the target is one of the key technologies. An optimal terminal guidance is presented for the terminal approaching. Firstly, the process of approaching observation is transformed to an optimal control problem by founding equations of relative motion in inertial coordinate systems and performance index which synthesizes the fight time and fuel consuming. Then optimal thrust direction, nozzle working hours, and time-to-go are derived, based on which a scheme of optimal guidance is designed. Finally, simulations are conducted and results demonstrate the guidance algorithm can meet the requirements of approaching observation mission with the high precision. The study herein also has a significance for Deep space exploration and rendezvous and docking.