油品管输带电问题

以油品管输带电问题为专题,参考大量国外文献,结合笔者近年的研究,以便于石油储运工程技术人员掌握、应用和研究为目的,阐明油流带电的原因是油品与管壁接触后产生双电层,油流带走扩散层中的电荷形成冲动电流;论述冲动电流大小与油品物性、管道结构、油流速度等因素的关系;指出金属管道接地可消除管壁电荷、防止电荷聚积,但不能导走油流里的电荷;说明绝缘管道的要害是管壁会聚积电荷,可能导致刷形放电和击穿放电,缩短管子寿命,危及管输安全。

Issues on Static Electrification by Oil Products Flow through Pipelines

Taking flow electrification of oil products through pipelines as the special topic, referring to a series of foreign papers, in combination with our recent studies and with the purpose of benefiting the people working in oil storage and transportation engineering sector to guard against electrostatic hazards, the paper explains that, the phenomenon of flow electrification is due to the convection of charges coming from the electrical double layer at the liquid/solid interface, and the degree of streaming electrification depends on factors such as oil properties, pipeline structure, and flow velocity; in the case of metal pipe, grounding allows the charges in the wall to neutralize immediately with the opposite charges in the ground , but has no effects on the relaxation of charges in the flow; in the case of insulating pipe, charges can accumulate at the liquid/solid interface, and when the accumulation is high enough, brush discharge or spark discharge may occur, resulting in shortening pipe age and damaging transportation safety.