无人机集群反制技术剖析

无人机集群作战具有作战效能高、战场生存能力强、效费比极高的巨大优势,将给传统防空系统带来巨大挑战。现有反无人机集群技术大多来源于反无人机技术,但反平台与反集群存在显著差异,必须针对无人机集群自身技战术特点,加强对精确/高效/低成本的集群反制技术研究。因此,本文以剖析无人机集群反制技术的可行性为出发点,首先,从反无人机集群作战视角,将无人机集群划分为无自主时空协同型(Ⅰ类)、半自主编组协同型(Ⅱ类)、全自主任务协同型(Ⅲ类)三种类型,明确Ⅱ类无人机集群为主要反制对象;其次,深入分析无人机集群的技术弱点与战术劣势,以此作为无人机集群反制技术可行性的关键切入点;最后,梳理出七大类有效的无人机集群反制技术,并对其可行性进行分析,以期为未来无人机集群反制技术发展方向提供参考。

Analysis of countermeasures against the UAV swarm

Compared with the traditional airpower, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) combat swarm, with great advantages in terms of high combat effectiveness, strong battlefield retention, and extremely high effectiveness-cost, have posed a severe challenge to traditional air defense system. Anti-swarm is obviously different from the anti-platform technique, however, the current anti-swarm system is mainly derived from the anti-UAV. So it is very necessary and useful to conduct detailed studies on countermeasure techniques against the precise, efficient and low-cost UAV swarm based on their tactical characteristics. In order to analyze the feasibility of countermeasure techniques, based on the features of anti-UAV combat swarm, the UAV swarm is classified into three types: Non-autonomous Spatio-temporal Coordination (Type I), Semi-autonomous Group Coordination (Type II), and Fully-autonomous Mission Coordination (Type III), of which the Type II is the main target of the countermeasure techniques. Then, by further studying the technical weaknesses and tactical disadvantages of the UAV swarm, the paper makes a breakthrough for the feasibility of countermeasures. In the end, seven types of effective countermeasure techniques against UAV swarm are sorted out and their feasibilities are theoretically verified, which can provide a reference for the development of countermeasure techniques against UAV swarm.