一类较为完善的不可逆制冷机模型及其最优化

在考虑工质与热源间热阻损失的内可逆卡诺制冷机模型基础上，用一常数项表示热源间的热漏，用一常系数项表示循环中除热阻和热漏外的其余所有不可逆性（如摩擦、涡流、惯性效应等），提出了一类较为完善的不可逆卡诺制冷机模型，并对此不可逆制冷机模型进行优化分析，导出了其最佳制冷率与制冷系数间的优化关系和最大制冷系数及其相应的制冷率。由定义的一常数项和一常系数项可定性、定量地分析不可逆性对循环性能的影响，所得结果包含了有关文献的一些特例。最后，给出了详细的数值算例，说明本模型的有效性。

A New Model of Irreversible Refrigerators and its Performance Optimizstion

On the basis of endoreversible Carnot refrigerator model considering the sole irreversibility of heat resistance between working fluid and heat reservoirs, this paper presents a new irreversible Carnal refrigerator model by taking account of the losses of heat leak and the other irreversibilities except heat resistance and heat leak, such as friction, turbulence,nonequilibrium, and so on, by using a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The finite-time thermodynamic analysis is performed for the model. The relation between optimal rate of refrigeration and coefficient of performance of the model is derived, and the maximum coefficient of performance and the corresponding rate of refrigeration are obtained a18o. The two parameters defined here can be used to analyse the effect of irreversibilities on the performance of the irreversible refrigerator qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained here include some results in the recent literatures. The detailed numerical examples show the effectiveness of the model.