面向机动威胁单目标定性微分对策的航路重规划

航迹规划是飞行器规划系统的一个重要子任务.针对具有主动性而非纯粹动态的敌方威胁类型,以单目标定性微分对策解决航路的动态重规划问题.在假设对静态威胁的参考航迹和安全走廊已预规划确定基础上,构建了基于单目标定性微分对策面向主动威胁安全走廊内飞行器航路对策的数学模型,并对航路的单目标定性微分对策系统进行了求解.     

基于多目标动态威胁的潜艇航路规划建模与求解

为增强航路规划算法的适用性,充分考虑潜艇面临的动态威胁,建立并求解了基于多目标动态威胁的潜艇航路规划模型.首先,介绍了微分对策的基本理论,指出其在处理航路规划问题方面的优越性;其次,引入了基于单目标威胁的航路规划模型,并采用微分对策对其进行了描述和求解;最后,在单目标威胁模型的基础上,推导了基于多目标动态威胁的潜艇航路规划模型,建立了对策的状态变量、控制变量及其约束、状态方程与微分对策模型,并给出了其微分对策的系统解.数值求解结果表明:该算法可较好地解决动态对抗问题,只需确定界栅和最优策略即可,同时该航路规划算法简便易行,具有较强的适用性.     

具有混合执行器故障和多未知控制方向的多智能体编队系统自适应协同容错控制

针对非线性多智能体具有混合执行器故障和多未知控制方向的问题,基于鲁棒自适应模糊技术,提出新颖的协同容错控制方法.采用分段Nussbaum函数解决了多未知控制方向;基于鲁棒自适应模糊技术解决了系统中的非线性不确定问题;引入一阶滑模微分器与自适应反步技术结合,用于获得虚拟控制律的一阶导数,并结合鲁棒有界方法,用于提高所设计...     

单兵种对多兵种作战的最优火力分配

本文利用微分对策方法研究了单兵种对多兵种作战时的最优火力分配原则,指出了应首先集中力量攻击敌方交战强度最大的一类作战单位。本文还说明了多兵种对多兵种作战时类似的问题的重要性和困难所在。     

一类非线性系统的自适应模糊反推近似滑模控制

针对一类含有未知非线性函数项和外界干扰的不确定纯反馈非线性系统,提出了一种自适应模糊反推近似滑模变结构控制方法。采用中值定理和隐函数定理使未知非仿射输入函数拥有显式的控制输入,利用模糊系统逼近未知非线性函数,动态面控制技术解决了反推设计中出现的"微分爆炸"问题。所提出的自适应近似滑模控制方案削弱了传统滑模控制中的抖振现象。从理论上证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统所有信号半全局一致终结有界。仿真算例验证了算法的有效性。     

拦截高速机动目标的捕获区及微分对策导引律

针对高速机动目标拦截场景,研究末制导段捕获区存在条件及微分对策导引律问题。建立弹目相对运动模型并引入控制动力学模型,采用终端投影方法对相对运动模型进行降阶处理;基于微分对策理论推导一种解析形式捕获区,并具体到直/气复合控制导弹对机动目标的拦截中,该捕获区的存在能够保证对任意机动目标进行准确捕获;重新选取性能指标,将目标与直/气复合控制导弹在末端带有碰撞角约束的制导问题转化为零和微分对策问题,并求解出弹目最优拦截策略。仿真分析了几种情形下直/气复合控制导弹对目标实施拦截的捕获区存在域,导引律仿真结果表明微分对策导引律在对高速机动目标进行拦截时具有优良性能。     

一种新型军用电源智能充电机控制算法

军用电源充电机是一个多参数、时变的非线性系统,传统的PID控制算法难以在线调节达到优化充电曲线的目的。针对该问题,提出了一种基于模糊和免疫机理的自适应PID控制算法。该算法通过模糊免疫反馈机理对PID控制的比例系数进行实时调整,采用模糊自适应控制器对PID控制的微分、积分时间常数进行在线整定。仿真结果表明,该算法具有响应时间短、超调量小,鲁棒性强等特点,极大地改善了系统的适应能力,达到了优化充电曲线的目的。     

模糊关系方程在目标威胁分析中的应用

由于在现实世界中仿真原型会受到很多复杂的和不确定因素的影响,因此在计算机生成兵力中,目标威胁分析是一个十分重要的问题.在目标威胁分析中,对目标的威胁判断又被认为是主要的研究内容.通过运用模糊关系方程建立了在给定任意目标属性集合的情况下计算或评估其威胁值的动态数学模型,说明了如何在计算机生成兵力中运用模糊关系方程解决目标威胁分析的问题.模型具有较好的稳定性和适用性.     

一类多目标模糊系数线性规划问题

讨论了一类所有系数均为模糊数的多目标线性规划问题 .通过对模糊数的比较 ,将模糊多目标线性规划模型转化为清晰的多目标模型 ,并应用一种基于线性隶属函数的模糊规划算法求其协调解 .最后给出了一个数值例子 .     

微分对策及其在军事领域的研究进展*

介绍了微分对策的产生背景及其半个多世纪以来的发展历程,简述了国内外微分对策理论发展的几个重要阶段及其标志性成果。全面地阐述了国内外关于微分对策在军事领域的应用研究状况,特别是美、俄等军事强国在微分对策军事应用研究方面的现状以及我国研究人员在该领域的主要研究成果。还进一步论述了微分对策在军事应用研究方面存在的问题,并对微分对策的发展前景做出了展望,指出了微分对策在军事应用领域中的研究热点、难点和主要发展方向。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.