粗糙集理论的电子设备诊断规则提取

为了解决现有诊断规则提取方法中的不一致性问题,得到具有良好适应能力和最大匹配能力的诊断决策规则,结合电子设备故障征兆特点,提出一种基于粗糙集的电子设备故障诊断规则提取方法.该方法先对原始数据进行预处理,形成决策表,用粗糙集进行属性约简和值约简,最后提取诊断决策规则,并对诊断规则进行评价.通过实例分析表明,该方法能提取出具有一定泛化能力的诊断规则,在故障诊断中能够提高诊断决策规则的匹配效率.     

基于完备相容Rough决策表的备件品种确定方法

针对备件品种确定问题,分析了常用的备件品种确定方法,探讨了影响备件品种确定的主要因素,包括装备单元的关键性、易损性、经济性、可更换性和获得难度。采用了Rough决策表的属性约简与属性值约简相结合的方法,对决策表进行信息挖掘,得到了备件品种确定的简化决策规则。最后,通过案例分析验证了该方法的可行性,结果表明该方法具有可操作性强、易于实施的特点,为装备备件品种确定提供了实用的分析方法。     

战备物资企业代储的经济性分析

文章通过建立战备物资军队自储费用计算模型和企业代储成本分析模型,对军队自储和企业代储两种储备形式的经济性进行比较和推导,得出了战备物资军队自储、企业代储和实现军队与企业双赢的三个经济性临界条件。     

一种高效的不协调决策表约简算法

目前,不协调决策表的分布约简、最大分布约简和分配约简算法复杂度较高,不适合处理大数据集。在分析已有算法基础上,分析了基于相对可区分度的属性重要性度量的性质,解决了正域度量属性重要性的缺陷。针对不协调决策表,给出了多种简化协调决策表的定义,从而大大缩减了约简的实例数。以相对可区分度为启发函数构造了一种高效完备的不协调决策表约简算法。理论分析和实验结果表明,该约简算法解决了现有算法在复杂度和属性重要性度量上的缺陷,适合处理不协调的大数据集。     

空战关键信息与战术规则提取算法

将粗糙集理论引入到空战研究中 ,提出了一种通过属性约简提取空战决策的关键信息和战术规则的算法 ,以便对空战过程中的冗余信息进行约简 ,提高决策实时性。通过一个空战战术选择示例对该算法进行了验证 ,结果表明 :在保证空战战术分类结果不变的情况下 ,该算法可提取出对空战决策起关键作用的信息以及最小简化战术规则。     

军队战备物资代储合同刍议

代储合同是地方企业代储军队战备物资的法律形式。目前,在代储合同履行中存在地方企业未完全承担义务、军队机构的权利未得到充分主张以及外部管控未有效发挥的问题,究其原因主要是合同条款设定不精细、履行风险分担不合理、履行保障机制不健全。确保代储合同完全履行在于完善合同文本、内外结合管控、丰富保障手段。     

基于属性的舰载机航材备件品种确定方法

航材备件品种确定是舰载机供应保障工作的重要内容。基于属性对舰载机航材备件品种确定进行研究。基于粗糙集理论对属性集进行属性约简,确定航材备件品种确定的主要影响属性,然后基于属性约简进行航材备件品种确定。给出了单属性、顺次属性和多属性的品种决策方法。最后结合实例进行了应用分析。     

基于粗糙集理论的飞行轨迹识别

针对飞行轨迹人工识别对专家经验依赖性强,识别准确率不稳定的问题,提出一种基于粗糙集理论的飞行轨迹识别方法。首先,对飞行轨迹进行特征提取,获取用于轨迹类别判定的条件属性和决策属性;其次,利用模糊自组织神经网络对飞行轨迹决策表离散化,采用启发式遗传约简算法对条件属性约简,消除了冗余属性对识别结果的影响;最后,利用实际飞参数据进行轨迹识别,结果证明该方法准确有效。     

基于双向启发式属性约简的战术决策建模研究

从预警机指挥引导的多机协同空战原则分析出发,针对超视距协同空战决策过程中的不确定性和不完备性问题,提出了一种不完备信息系统中的基于双向启发式属性约简的战术粗决策建模方法。首先考虑粗糙集决策过程中条件属性发生缺失或不确定的情况,根据扩展不完备信息概念建立了不完备决策信息系统的最优完备选择;其次基于分辨矩阵的属性约简算法,以属性频度的大小作为启发信息进行决策信息系统约简的双向选择,得出决策信息系统的最佳约简集合;然后依据使决策最有可能发生的原则,给出决策信息系统的最优选择,以该最优选择为代表提取出决策规则;最后根据软、硬杀伤结合使用的CGF实体超视距协同空战作战想定,建立了CGF实体综合战术决策模型,并通过作战决策实例对该方法的正确性和有效性进行了验证。结果表明：该方法能在作战态势信息不完备的情况下正确给出CGF实体综合战术行为。     

基于条件熵的不完备信息系统属性约简算法

在相容关系下定义了三种不完备条件熵——H′条件熵、E′条件熵和I′条件熵,并对它们的性质进行了分析比较,研究发现,H′条件熵和I′条件熵不适用于相容关系下信息观点的约简。利用E′条件熵刻画信息系统中属性的相对重要性,设计了一种新的基于信息论观点的启发式约简算法,它统一了完备信息系统与非完备信息系统中的约简方法。通过实例说明,该算法能得到决策表的相对约简。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.