损伤铝合金表面超声焊接界面断口分析与结合机理

采用超声焊接铝合金箔材的工艺修复处理表面腐蚀受损的2A12CZ基体,并利用Quanta200型环境扫描电子显微镜分析了截面形貌及箔材与基体之间界面表面断口的微观形貌。结果表明：从截面来看,箔材与基体之间大部分发生了焊合,界面分界线大部分消失;从机械脱开的界面断口来看,其表面微观形貌表现为鳞片状及韧窝状的典型金属型断口形貌。这说明在给定条件下,焊接部位大部分呈冶金结合。最后对铝台金箔材与铝合金基体之间超声焊接机理进行了探讨。     

黏结剂和纤维对石蜡微胶囊保温砂浆抗裂性影响

采用黏结剂增强石蜡微胶囊保温砂浆内部微粒间的结合力,分析了黏结剂类型和掺量对石蜡微胶囊保温砂浆抗折强度、黏结强度和韧性的影响;采用纤维增韧技术提高保温砂浆的抗裂能力,分析了纤维类型和掺量对石蜡微胶囊保温砂浆力学性能和抗裂性能的影响;确定了配制石蜡微胶囊保温砂浆使用乙烯—乙酸乙烯酯共聚乳胶粉黏结剂和聚丙烯纤维,其最佳掺量...     

微胶囊型自修复碳纤维增强复合材料性能研究

为了分析内嵌环氧树脂基微胶囊的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)的力学性能,开展了材料在准静态载荷条件下力学性能试验研究,对比分析了有、无微胶囊时碳纤维增强复合材料的静态力学性能,详细探究了微胶囊的质量分数对碳纤维增强复合材料的力学性能和自修复性能的影响,分析了材料的拉伸强度,弹性模量,断裂伸长率以及自修复性能情况。在相同冲击能量下,采用落锤法对不同微胶囊含量的层合板进行冲击试验,研究其在冲击载荷作用下的动态力学响应。结果表明,微胶囊具有增韧效果和自修复能力。随着微胶囊质量分数的增加,自修复碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度降低,弹性模量先略微升高后降低,断裂伸长率先降低后升高,但总体变化不大,修复效率随微胶囊含量的增加而升高。在相同冲击能量下,微胶囊含量越大,最大冲击力越小,材料的冲击力-位移曲线斜率越小,抗冲击性能越差。研究结果可以为推动自修复型CFRP材料的实际工程应用和理论研究提供相关参考。     

低熔点石蜡微胶囊的中试及热性能

为寻找能适应环境温度的相变材料,选择低熔点石蜡作为芯材,制备微胶囊并进行中试生产。对同一样品进行了26次DSC热循环测试和TGA热失重测试,结果表明：中试产品的相变温度始终保持在25~60℃,相变极值和相变热焓均未发生明显变化,分别为42℃和72 J/g;产品能耐受150℃以内的高温而不分解,且在相变温度范围内基本无失重。证明低熔点石蜡微胶囊能在环境温度内发挥调节作用,同时具备较长的热循环寿命和较好的热稳定性,是一种具备良好应用前景的相变材料。     

圆柱壳受水下爆炸冲击波作用的壁压分析

本文首先对圆柱壳受水下爆炸冲击波作用下的流体与结构的相互作用进行了分析,导出了在近距离、小药量爆炸条件下圆柱壳表面实际壁压的近似公式。在此基础上对圆柱壳爆炸实验的实测壁压进行了分析。结合壳体在冲击波作用下弹塑性响应的计算结果,对实测壁压给出了合理的解释。为进一步进行壳体响应分析打下了基础。     

微胶囊技术简介

微胶囊技术能够使物质产生物态变化,实现物质的固化,在医药、农药、食品、饲料、涂料、油墨、黏合剂、洗涤剂、感光材料、纺织等行业,都得到了广泛的应用。介绍了微胶囊技术的发展史,微胶囊的组成与制备方法,微胶囊的性质及应用．     

一步法制备石蜡微胶囊的中试研究及性能表征

采用一步法在100L反应釜内进行石蜡微胶囊制备的中试,表征了石蜡微胶囊的微胶囊化率、粒径和热性能,探讨了中试工艺对产品性能的影响。结果表明中试产品与实验室小试产品的性能基本接近。中试石蜡微胶囊的微胶囊化率为70％,平均粒径为54．0μm,相变范围为40～80℃,相变峰值和热焓分别为65℃,114J／g,分解温度达250℃。     

脊状表面近壁区湍流度分布规律

通过对不同风速下,不同形状、尺寸脊状表面及光滑平板表面边界层内湍流度的测试,对比分析了脊状表面近壁区湍流度的分布规律。试验在小型直流风洞中开展,流场测试中使用恒温式IFA 300智能型流动分析仪,测试模型则采用有机玻璃及铝两种材质的平板模型。在脊状表面理论零点及壁面摩擦速度的计算中,采用了基于紊流边界层对数律区流速分布公式同时计算壁面理论零点和壁面摩擦速度的改进方法。最终测试结果表明:脊状表面边界层过渡区和对数律区内湍流度与平板相比显著下降,最大降幅超过10%,证明脊状结构的存在有效减弱了壁面近壁区内"猝发现象"的发生。     

氙原子在铂表面散射的分子动力论方法

运用分子动力论方法研究气体分子 (Xe)在固壁表面 (Pt)的散射。在构造了合理的气体分子与固壁表面相互作用势模型之后 ,运用随机经典轨道方法求解气体分子及固壁原子的运动方程 ,得到气体分子运动轨迹及散射后的运动状态。结果表明 ,气体分子散射后的角度分布与Maxwellian模型存在较大差异 ,而速度基本服从半空间的Maxwellian分布。     

微胶囊化红磷及其应用

微胶囊化红磷是一种无卤、无毒、低烟、高效和普适的新型阻燃剂。本文讨论微胶囊化红磷的几种制备方法,分析该阻燃剂的优异性能及在橡胶、塑料等阻燃制品中的特殊作用。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.