多重优化的分布式无线覆盖探测算法

为满足无线通信网络信号覆盖有效性的实时实地可重复探测的需求,提出一种基于传感器网络的分布式无线覆盖探测算法。通过随机部署于目标区域内的无线传感器节点对无线通信网接收信号强度进行感知和预处理;利用变异函数构造新的BP神经网络目标函数,通过改进粒子群算法优化其初始权值和阈值;利用训练好的网络模型对存在探测盲区的目标区域进行插值估计,并联合传感器节点采集到的数据生成无线通信网络等信号强度线。仿真结果表明,所提算法比其他经典算法具有更高的精度,可有效探测目标区域无线通信网络的信号覆盖情况。     

无线传感器网络中基于统计异常的入侵检测

无线传感器网络与传统网络存在较大差异,传统入侵检测技术不能有效地应用于无线传感器网络.结合无线传感器网络的特点,提出一种基于统计异常的入侵检测.入侵检测为传感器节点在正常工作状态下的某些系统特征建立行为模式,并通过统计观测值对正常行为模式的偏离程度来判断是否存在入侵.理论分析及仿真实验表明,提出的入侵检测技术可有效检测入侵,检测算法简洁高效,利于节能,适用于供能紧张的无线传感器网络.     

一种能量高效和均衡的无线传感器网络分簇数据融合算法

在无线传感器网络中,如果传感器节点之间的能耗不均衡,一些能耗进度较快的节点会过快失效,继而导致网络过早无法正常工作。为了解决分簇无线传感器网络在数据收集过程中所存在的节点之间能耗不均衡问题,提出了一种新的分簇数据融合算法。该算法将网络划分为大小不等的栅格,并根据剩余能量使簇首分别在每个栅格的节点中轮转。簇首消耗的能量越多,其所在的栅格也越大,栅格内有更多节点参与簇首的轮换以分担能量负载。通过该方式,算法能够提高节点的能耗均衡程度。另外,考虑到无线传感器网络的能量受限,算法还采取了一系列措施以节约能量。仿真实验结果表明,算法在能量使用效率、网络生命周期以及能耗均衡程度三个方面都具有较好的性能。     

一种基于时空相关性的虚假数据判断方法

面对无线传感器网络节点易被捕获,遭受虚假数据注入攻击这一情况,现有方案大多需要在节点间多次传输数据来验证数据相似性,增加了网络通信量的问题,依据采集数据之间的时空相关性,提出一种无线传感器网络虚假数据判断方法。该方法通过簇头节点分析采集数据间的空间线性关系,必要时结合时间序列中采集数据的线性关系,判断数据是否虚假。性能分析和仿真结果表明该方法能够判断出虚假数据的存在,并且降低网络通信量。     

次优扩展卡尔曼滤波的无线传感器网络定位算法

针对无线传感器网络节点在定位过程中,由于积累的节点测距误差和定位算法引入的误差会对定位的精度产生较大影响。为此在节点测距过程中,利用卡尔曼滤波算法线性最优的特点,提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络节点定位的次优扩展卡尔曼滤波算法模型。首先在评估坐标的过程中利用卡尔曼滤波的节点自适应调度方法,其次,将上述改进的过程引入到三角定位算法中,最后将引入前后的系统性能进行比较。通过仿真实验表明,该算法提高了测距和网络节点定位的精确度及模型的自适应性,并且减少了计算量和系统的功耗。     

固定节点3D网格部署的水下传感器网络分簇路由算法

水下传感器网络是应用于水下通信的重要传感器网络技术。提出了基于固定节点3D网格部署的水下无线传感器网络分簇算法,设计了3D网格的编址和分簇方法,实现了基于地址分配的节点定位,构建了算法的能耗分析模型。采用MATLAB完成了算法的性能仿真,对比了DS-VBF、IAR和GEDAR 3个算法的平均数据传输延迟和网络生存时间(TTL)。实验结果表明,此算法的平均数据传输延迟较短,可明显提高UWSNS的生存时间。     

新颖的冗余节点无线传感网能量感知分簇算法

针对一类具有冗余节点的无线传感网,提出了一种新颖的能量感知的动态分簇算法NEAC。它基于动态分簇路由机制,根据节点分布密集程度簇内分布一定数量的休眠节点,在数据传输阶段,这些休眠节点不感知和发送数据,当簇首节点的能量消耗达到一定阈值后需要重新轮换簇首,它们被唤醒并根据休眠节点和簇首轮换机制实现快速簇首和休眠节点选举以平衡节点间的能耗。仿真结果表明,与典型的分簇协议相比,NEAC能够更好地平衡节点的能耗,获得更长的网络生存期。     

一种能量均衡的战场无线传感器网络路由协议算法

针对战场无线传感器网络中节点能量消耗不均衡以及节点剩余能量问题,提出了一种基于能量均衡的战场无线传感器网络LEACH路由协议的改进算法,该算法主要是对传感器网络中的簇群内节点的剩余能量,以及其传输数据的链路长度这两个方面的权重问题进行了改进,使传感器网络的能量消耗趋于平衡,通过MATLAB平台对改进后的EBLRP协议与LEACH协议进行了模拟仿真,结果表明,新的路由协议能够使网络的生命周期延长13%左右,并且使节点的能量消耗情况有所缓解。     

水下传感器网络节点部署算法

水下无线传感器网络作为三维立体监视体系的重要组成部分,其覆盖模型、拓扑控制和能量消耗一直是三大重要基础性研究领域。基于水下监视网络节点随机部署策略研究传感器网络三维覆盖问题,针对水下固定锚节点部署后水平位置不能改变的问题,提出基于加权二分图最大匹配的节点沉降算法,保证所有匹配节点沉降后与理想图案位置的水平距离偏差总和最小,针对三维空间覆盖空洞问题,提出一种基于三维泰森晶胞体结构的覆盖空洞修复算法。仿真结果表明,提出的算法与国外同类算法相比,网络覆盖率提高达7%以上。     

基于改进协方差控制的传感器管理算法

针对传统的基于协方差控制的传感器管理算法使用全遍历方法所造成的计算量大,以及传感器切换频繁的问题,提出了一种基于改进协方差控制的传感器管理算法。该算法在每一时刻首先判断前一时刻所用传感器组是否能够满足目标跟踪需求,以滤波协方差与期望协方差的偏差作为参考,结合量纲变换和特征值求取,为协方差偏差矩阵经过量纲变换后得到的量纲一致阵的所有特征值设定一个精度阈值,然后判断滤波协方差是否满足期望,从而决定是否维持当前选择的传感器组。在目标作匀速、匀加速、协同转弯等多种场景下进行了算法性能测试分析,仿真结果表明,该算法不仅在大部分场景下满足目标跟踪精度,而且能够提高传感器管理算法的实时性,同时降低传感器的切换频率。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.