Defense spending and economic growth across the Taiwan straits: a threshold regression model

This paper employs both linear and non‐linear models to investigate the relationship between national defense spending and economic growth for Taiwan and China. Using data from 1953–2000 on defense spending, GDP, import, export and capital, we find that China's defense spending leads that of Taiwan. There exists the phenomenon of an arms race between both countries when official Chinese data are used. On the one hand, feedback relations prevail between economic growth and defense spending growth in Taiwan. On the other hand, China's national defense is found to lead economic growth.     

Arms trade,arms control,and security: Collective action issues

This article puts forth collection action as a unifying theme for the conference essays on arms trade, control, and production. For each of these topics, collective action failures are related to group size and group composition considerations. Other issues are also examined including the manner in which individual contributions determine the overall level of the associated collective good ‐ the so‐called aggregation technology of public supply. Based on alternative aggregation technologies, the game‐theoretic underpinnings of these arms issues are explored.     

The impact of superpower arms transfers on conflict in the Middle East

I explore the relationship between superpower arms transfers and the Arab‐Israeli rivalry. My empirical analysis suggests that Soviet arms transfers to the Middle East, more than American transfers, have exacerbated interstate rivalry in the region. It also suggests that Soviet arms transfers, again more than American transfers, have encouraged compensatory arming by the other superpower. These conclusions derive from the results of cross‐correlation analysis, Granger‐causality tests, and variance decompositions, and are quite robust. While my findings paint a rather unflattering portrait of the effects of superpower involvement in the region, they do constitute grounds for optimism in light of current developments.     

The impact of arms production on the South African manufacturing industry

The 1977 UN arms embargo was one of the main factors which led South Africa to establish a largely self sufficient import‐substituting arms industry capable of meeting the apartheid state's demand for sophisticated weaponry. While macroeconomic studies suggest that high military spending had a damaging effect on economic growth, no studies have investigated the disaggregated impact of military expenditure on industrial development. This paper applies panel data methods to the Industrial Development Corporation's Sectoral Database in order to analyse the level effects of military spending.     

Budget allocation under uncertainty and the costs of war and insecurity

This study presents a framework and models for the analysis of government budget allocation into defense and civilian expenditures in situations of uncertainty about the incidence of war. The models display the intricate relationships between security levels, subjective probabilities of the occurrence of war, and potential war damages. We show that poor countries tend to perceive greater probabilities of war than their richer rivals, and that the psychological burden of insecurity is larger when the country’s wealth is larger and when its preference for security is higher. We apply our models to the Israeli–Syrian arms race and show that the higher rate of growth of Israel’s gross domestic product relative to that of Syria is expected to lead to an increase in Syria’s perception of the likelihood of war and to a decrease in Israel’s perception of such a likelihood. We also show that if Syria’s regime becomes ideologically more extreme, the monetary cost of maintaining Israel’s security at the level that it enjoyed prior to the change will be very high, whereas the monetary cost of maintaining Israel’s welfare will be moderate.     

An Empirical Analysis of the Arms Race Between South and North Korea

This study analyses an arms race between South and North Korea over the period 1963–2000. Despite the strategic importance of the Korean Peninsula, the arms race between South and North Korea has rarely been studied. In this study, the South–North arms race is empirically estimated using Richardson’s action–reaction model. The pattern of South–North arms race between the Cold War (1963–1989) and the post‐Cold War eras (1990–2000) as well as the existence of an arms race is examined comparing both countries’ defence spending, number of military personnel and tactical aircraft.     

未来舰艇指控系统发展的关键技术

舰艇指挥控制系统作为战斗双方的"兵力倍增器",在未来战争中将发挥越来越重要的作用。介绍了全分布式系统结构、高速网络技术、多传感器数据融合、高级语言技术、人工神经网络技术和最小共享信息集等未来舰艇指控系统发展的关键技术。     

Arms Racing and the Costs of Arms Imports: A Stochastic Model

The paper draws on the demand for arms imports model of Levine and Smith (1995, 1997) using stochastic processes of the birth-death type in steady state. It assumes two antagonistic regional players engaged in an armaments race satisfying their demand for military hardware through imports from the international market. The paper examines the effects that arms imports have on the military balance between the two recipient countries. It constructs a state space of possible outcomes in terms of the military balance/imbalance between the two countries involved. A new variable is introduced which tries to encapsulate the absolute difference in their respective security functions at any moment in time. This variable affects the transition from one state of affairs to the other.     

舰船燃气轮机双机并车控制仿真技术研究

介绍了功率反馈控制技术的原理和特点,并利用功率反馈控制技术对舰船燃气轮机双机并车控制技术进行了分析.利用C++语言建立了全燃动力装置的仿真模型,并对功率反馈法进行了计算机仿真试验.结果表明,功率反馈控制技术能较好地实现舰船燃气轮机双机并车运行的控制.     

离散变结构控制理论研究现状与展望

对离散变结构控制理论的研究进展进行综述,总结了3种主要的DVSC方案,讨论了这一领域中存在的重要问题,并指出了该理论未来可能的研究方向.     

The nexus between military expenditures and economic growth in the BRICS and the US: an empirical note

This empirical note re-examines the causal linkages between military expenditures and economic growth for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and that for the USA during the period 1988–2012. Results of Granger causality tests show that military expenditures influence economic growth in the USA, economic growth influences military expenditures in both Brazil and India, a feedback between military expenditures and economic growth in Russia, and no causal relation exists between military expenditures and economic growth in China and South Africa. The findings of this study can provide important policy implications for the BRICS countries and also for the USA.     

模糊控制理论在舰船制冷装置中的应用研究

以蒸发器和冷库作为被控对象,利用计算机进行了制冷系统模糊控制的研究.针对蒸发器过热度和库温控制问题设计了模糊控制器.在理论研究的同时,建立了制冷装置计算机控制和数据采集系统.在VisualBasic环境下开发了蒸发器过热度模糊控制程序.对比实验运行表明:利用模糊控制器和电子膨胀阀对蒸发器过热度和库温进行控制较之用热力膨胀阀控制,制冷剂流量调节范围大、过热度小、蒸发器面积利用率高、装置节能效果好.     

伊拉克战争对中东地区乃至世界军品贸易的影响

在分析了伊拉克战争对中东地区军品贸易影响的基础上,重点分析了其对世界军品贸易的深刻影响———加剧军备竞赛、刺激军工技术发展、引起军贸格局及产品结构发生变化、国际军控形势更加严峻。     

Design and analysis of a scheme for the naval gun test shell entering the bore

The test shell without projectile belt is widely used in the teaching, inspection and maintenance of modern automatic naval guns. In order to ensure the normal work of each mechanism, it is very important to design the buffer and limit of the test shell during the process of entering the bore. Taking a certain type of medium caliber naval gun as the research object, the design of colloidal fluid damper and cartridge lock was proposed to ensure the reliability of entering the bore and closing the breechblock. By combining the simulation methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and multibody system dy-namic (MBD), it was analyzed whether the structural design can meet the engineering requirements. The research results show that the colloidal fluid damper can dissipate a large amount of kinetic energy of the shell, and the cartridge lock can limit the rebound movement. The combination of the two ensures the smooth process of closing the breechblock. The research provides a design method for the process of the test shell entering the bore, and provides theoretical support for the feasibility of the method.     

控制棒及其传动装置模拟的误差分析

从建立数学模型入手 ,对控制棒及其传动装置模拟环节所产生的误差情况进行了定量的理论分析 ,并对误差产生的原因、处理的方法提出了意见     

Metallic surface coatings on arms and armour: the role of X-ray fluorescence analysis

Abstract

This paper aims to provide a brief introduction to a scientific technique, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, which has been extensively used within the Royal Armouries Museum. Through the use of specific case studies it shows how such a technique can contribute in numerous ways to the understanding and care of the collection.