战场态势信息量的一种度量方法

恰当地度量战场态势信息量,是作战指挥、指控信息系统、通信系统等众多研究领域中一项重要的基础问题。从态势感知出发,将态势信息区分为彼此独立无关的“态”信息和“势”信息,结合Shannon信息论思想,提出了综合刻画态势信息量大小的方法,解决了传统战场态势信息量度量方法中未能包含态势变化趋势信息的问题,在此基础上给出了双节点要达到协同必须满足的态势感知一致性条件。     

分布式多平台态势一致性的实现机制

联合作战是现代战争的主要作战形式,参与联合作战的平台之间需要进行情报共享,形成协同一致的战场态势图。重点研究了Link16在分布式多平台之间实现态势一致性的机制,分析了其总体思路、采用的处理流程和方法、使用的消息种类、存在的问题和不足,并结合我军实际,提出了分布式多平台态势一致性的系统架构和实现方法。     

海战场态势感知能力的度量方法研究

信息域的态势感知能力评估,通常是以融合中心生成的综合态势图为基础,来构建指标进行度量分析.这种度量往往忽略了态势使用用户对感知内容和感知要求的不同需求.在海战场环境下,尝试以各用户获得的感知态势图为基础,结合用户对感知的实际需求,研究了感知能力的三个重要指标:完备性、准确性、时效性,并以系统下所有用户的态势感知来反映最终态势感知能力.对实际作战中军队态势感知能力、信息优势的评估与度量具有参考价值.     

人机共融的远程态势智能感知系统

针对人与远程无人设备协同精准配合的迫切需求,以机器人操作系统为基础构建了一种人机共融的远程态势感知系统,并开展了实验与分析。该系统以视觉定位技术为基础,以人机感知共融为切入点,通过实时三维场景重建技术与场景一致性融合方法,将无人设备探测到的环境及目标信息进行三维重构,并通过增强现实设备进行显示,与人的视觉信息进行一致性融合,实现无GPS条件下远程无人设备与人所佩戴的增强现实设备之间的协同定位。实验结果表明,系统在近距离时具有较好的人机协同定位准确度,定位精度随着距离的增加而逐渐降低。所构建的系统使无人设备成为人眼的延伸,在不干扰人员正常行动的情况下实现了穿障碍、跨视距的感知能力,在未来信息化作战中可发挥重要作用。     

战场态势感知系统评价方法?

战场态势感知系统主要由传感器系统、通信系统以及其他分系统构成,是现代战争系统的基础组成部分。由于战场态势感知活动广泛作用于物理域、信息域和认知域,相关评价研究面临诸多困难和挑战。在介绍战场态势感知系统相关概念的基础上,重点对其评价方法的研究现状进行了综述,并对不同评价方法的特点进行了分析比较,最后,指出了战场态势感知系统评价方法有待进一步研究和解决的问题。     

深度态势感知与智能化战争

未来战争是人机环系统融合的战争。它不仅仅是智能化战争,更是智慧化战争。未来的战争不但要打破形式化的数学计算,还要打破传统思维的逻辑计算,是一种结合人、机和环境各方优势互补的新型计算-算计博弈系统。本文以智能化战争为背景,探讨了深度态势感知的概念、内涵与模型;介绍了未来战争中深度态势感知模型发挥的作用,即深度态势感知解决了人工智能中的可解释性、学习及常识三个重要瓶颈;最后,介绍了深度态势感知在未来战争中面临的挑战,包括人机环境系统融合问题、战场中的不确定性以及智慧化协同作战的实现。鉴于人机融合智能机制、机理破解以及有效的协同方式将成为影响未来战争的关键因素,深度研究态势感知对预测未来战争走向具备一定借鉴意义。     

【专题】深度态势感知与智能化战争

未来战争是人机环系统融合的战争。它不仅仅是智能化战争,更是智慧化战争。未来的战争不但要打破形式化的数学计算,还要打破传统思维的逻辑计算,是一种结合人、机和环境各方优势互补的新型计算-算计博弈系统。本文以智能化战争为背景,探讨了深度态势感知的概念、内涵与模型;介绍了未来战争中深度态势感知模型发挥的作用,即深度态势感知解决了人工智能中的可解释性、学习及常识三个重要瓶颈;最后,介绍了深度态势感知在未来战争中面临的挑战,包括人机环境系统融合问题、战场中的不确定性以及智慧化协同作战的实现。鉴于人机融合智能机制、机理破解以及有效的协同方式将成为影响未来战争的关键因素,深度研究态势感知对预测未来战争走向具备一定借鉴意义。     

美国太空态势感知能力建设研究

美国是全球太空态势感知能力的领先者,研究其太空态势感知能力建设,有利于推动新时期我国太空态势感知力量建设、提升太空态势感知力量运用效益。通过研究美国太空目标监视、太空环境监测、太空态势信息整合与处理、太空态势感知作战运用等能力水平,分析了美国在目标监视、特性获取、信息解译、任务分配流程、指挥控制、作战应用等方面面临的现实问题,系统阐明了未来美国太空态势感知系统建设、体系运行、指挥控制能力建设的具体途径,归纳了未来美国太空态势感知能力建设的发展趋势。     

基于云端架构的核生化态势感知系统

目前,核生化态势感知系统不具备大数据处理能力,并且不同节点的态势感知信息不对称。为了解决这种不足,引入云端架构,构建了基于"云-端"架构的核生化态势感知系统。该系统"云"、"端"结合,在确保传统功能实现的前提下,提升了传统的数据处理能力,并生成全域战场核生化态势"一张图",为各级作战指挥员作出正确的指挥决策提供了强有力的保障支持。     

美军地基空间态势感知系统的现状与趋势

<正>当前,美军空间态势感知装备体系经历了50多年的发展,在体系完整性、技术成熟度、投资规模等方面具有明显优势,逐步具备了"天地一体、全球覆盖、高低轨兼顾"的空间态势感知能力。在最新发布的2018版《空间联合作战条令》中,美军将空间态势感知能力作为太空作战十大能力之首,进一步彰显了空间态势感知装备建设的重要意义。美军空间态势感知装备包括地基和天基空间态势感知系统。这里着     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.