双频带圆极化紧凑型微带贴片阵列天线设计

利用旋转馈电方法设计双频带圆极化的微带贴片阵列天线。该阵列包括四个金属微带贴片单元与一个金属微带矩形环。每个贴片单元为侧边单点馈电的切角矩形,且关于中心旋转对称。矩形环被放置在阵列中心,与四个贴片单元通过四条微带线相连。该中心矩形环既充当了馈电网络,为阵列提供了产生圆极化波所需的递增相位,又参与了辐射,提高了阵列天线的辐射性能。由于采用了矩形环馈电贴片单元的方式,该阵列只需单层介质板,具有结构紧凑的优点,而且在两个频段内实现了圆极化辐射。经加工、制作并进行测试,该阵列的-10 d B阻抗带宽分别为5.17 GHz~5.59 GHz和5.99 GHz~6.27 GHz,3 d B轴比带宽分别为5.19 GHz~5.49 GHz和6.1 GHz~6.18 GHz。     

4元C波段宽频带圆极化微带天线阵的设计

文章采用连续旋转馈电技术,以双馈方形贴片圆极化微带天线作为单元设计了C波段4元宽频带圆极化微带天线阵。在馈电网络设计时采用威尔金森功分移相器,可以改善天线阵的阻抗带宽。连续旋转馈电技术和威尔金森功分器的引入展宽了天线阵的轴比带宽,背馈的馈电形式消除了馈电网络辐射对天线的圆极化辐射特性的影响,使天线阵的圆极化带宽进一步得到拓展。实测结果表明:在回波损耗小于-10dB条件下,该天线阵的阻抗带宽达到75.0%,轴比小于2dB的带宽达到45.6%。     

新型背腔式对数周期缝隙天线阵列设计

介绍了一种新型背腔式对数周期缝隙天线单元,对其各参数特性进行了分析,并采用这种新型天线单元设计了9×7天线阵列。通过HFSS13进行天线阵列的设计。仿真结果表明,该天线阵列在1.5 GHz~6 GHz的工作带宽内,驻波比小于3,回波损耗小于-10 d B,天线阵列最大增益为29.6 d Bi,在整个工作带宽内,增益均大于20 d Bi。具有良好的定向辐射能力,可用于UWB雷达、探测等领域。     

宽带宽缝隙共形天线的设计及其特性研究

针对宽带共形天线需要满足剖面低、体积小、易与载体共形并且具有宽频带性能的要求,文章首先设计了一种宽带宽缝隙平面天线,采用共面波导方式(CPW)馈电,低介电常数介质板厚度仅有0.2 mm,分析了各个参数对天线特性的影响,将平面天线与柱体共形,研究了天线共形之后的阻抗特性和辐射特性的变化。仿真结果表明,平面天线的阻抗带宽(S11≤10 dB)覆盖5.35 GHz~6.7 GHz,中心频率为5.85 GHz,最大增益4.5 dB,辐射特性稳定,共形后天线的谐振频率减小,低频带宽增大,波束宽度展宽,辐射增强,阻抗带宽覆盖5.24 GHz~6.43GHz,最大增益4.6 dB,辐射特性稳定。测试结果与仿真吻合较好,天线的结构简单,易于和载体共形。     

一种双频圆极化平面单极天线的设计与实现

文章设计了一种用于实现S波段双频圆极化的平面单极天线。该天线通过在圆环形单极子贴片上加载四个相互之间夹角90°的支节,分别实现了在2.4 GHz~2.52 GHz和3.28 GHz~3.39 GHz两个频段的圆极化辐射,通过阶梯形激励条带的设计,改善了阻抗带宽。借助于仿真软件对天线参数进行优化,并在此基础上制作了实物。测试结果表明,该设计达到了仿真的效果。该天线结构简单,加工方便,制作成本低,具有实际的应用价值。     

8元宽频带圆极化微带天线阵的设计

采用空气夹层的双层圆形微带贴片结构,通过Wilkinson功分移相器进行馈电,设计了宽带圆极化天线单元以及8元圆极化微带阵列天线,并加工制作了天线阵实物。实测结果表明:该阵列天线在2.0 GHz～2.5GHz频率范围内,圆极化轴比小于3 dB,回波损耗小于-10 dB,增益大于12 dB,满足S频段卫星测控系统天线的指标要求。     

一种L/S波段双频双圆极化缝隙天线的设计实现

文章设计了一种用于实现L波段圆极化的平面缝隙天线,并在此天线的基础上,通过添加寄生贴片,实现L/S波段双频双圆极化的性能。该天线通过一条矩形缝隙将圆环形天线切断,调节缝隙的宽度和角度,实现了圆极化辐射,通过背面的矩形条带对天线激励,使得天线的阻抗得以较好地匹配。在此基础上,又在天线上方加一圆形寄生贴片,通过互耦作用,分别实现了在1.39GHz～1.48GHz和2.60GHz～2.66GHz两个频段不同旋向的圆极化辐射,同时将矩形条带馈线调整为十字形,改善了阻抗带宽。借助于仿真软件对天线参数进行优化,并在此基础上制作了实物。测试结果表明,该设计达到了仿真的效果。     

具有陷波特性的可重构超宽带天线设计

文中提出了一种具有陷波特性的平面超宽带天线结构。天线采用椭圆形贴片作为辐射单元,使用双端口馈电,通过在椭圆形贴片上开2个C形槽来分别实现不同的陷波功能。测试结果表明,该天线两侧馈电的工作频带分别为2.7GHz~12.7GHz和2.6GHz~12.9GHz,在3.3GHz~4.3GHz和4.8GHz~5.9GHz范围内分别具有良好的陷波特性。天线在整个工作频段内有良好的增益和辐射特性。     

实现宽波束圆极化天线的几种方法

文章介绍了宽波束圆极化天线的应用背景,简述了近些年来国内外相关文献实现宽波束圆极化天线的几种方法。这些方法均能有效拓展天线的半功率波束宽度及轴比的波束宽度,其中天线形式主要包括四臂螺旋天线、微带天线、缝隙天线以及振子天线。最后对这些方法进行了对比归纳,并展望了宽波束圆极化天线的发展前景。     

心形超宽带陷波天线的设计

文章设计了一种新颖的心形超宽带陷波天线。该天线采用微带线馈电,为了获得超宽带特性,将天线的辐射贴片设计成渐变的心形形状,同时在地板上切角来获得良好的阻抗匹配。为了去除超宽带频带内的来自无线局域网(WLAN)频段的干扰,在辐射贴片上引入U形槽使其具有陷波功能。仿真结果表明该天线覆盖了3.4GHz~14GHz的频带范围,并实现了在5GHz~6GHz处形成阻带特性,结构简单,适用于超宽带系统的实际应用。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.