证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的身份估计方法

重点研究了在数据融合身份估计领域中D-S证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的多传感器数据融合方法。Demp-ster-Shafer证据理论方法是对Beyes决策检验法的推广,证据理论比概率论满足更弱的公理系统,并且在区分不确定与不知道等方面显示了很大的灵活性,但是在基于证据理论的身份估计融合中,基本可信度的分配是一个与应用密切相关的问题,也是实际应用中最难的一步。利用模糊神经网络来处理证据理论中的基本可信度分配问题,并对几种空中目标进行了身份估计数据融合,经计算机仿真实验证实了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式

针对经典D-S规则融合冲突证据时会出现结果有悖于常理的问题,提出一种基于相似性测度的证据合成公式。利用相似性测度构造证据源可信度,进而得到焦元可信度。将焦元可信度作为冲突信度分配系数以改进合成公式,利用改进的合成公式对证据源进行数据融合。算例结果表明,该方法能有效解决冲突性证据的融合问题,较之以往方法具有收敛性强和可靠性高的优点。     

基于证据融合的雷达发射机健康评估

针对在多种不确定性因素下的雷达发射机健康状态评估问题,在综合考虑指标可测性的基础上,建立了新的雷达发射机健康状态评估指标体系。采用一种改进证据理论的多指标融合方法进行雷达健康状态评估,通过各实测数据隶属函数转化得到基本可信度分配,避免了传统方法中评估指标基本可信度函数分配的主观性和局限性,然后利用改进的D-S证据理论对指标进行融合,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Agent目标判别的神经网络-证据理论法

重点研究了目标识别领域中证据理论与模糊神经网络相结合的多Agent数据融合方法.作为传统Bayes理论的推广,证据理论由于满足更弱的信息来源条件,尤其是在区分不确定与未知方面显示了很大的灵活性,因此备受关注.然而,基本可信度的分配是一个与实际应用密切相关的问题,也是较难操作的一步.本文通过对模糊神经网络的训练来处理证据理论的基本可信度分配问题,经计算机仿真表明这是一种行之有效的方法.     

一种改进的证据合成方法及其在模糊评估中的应用

针对证据理论在模糊评估中的应用问题,分析了经典D-S证据合成规则和现有改进方法的不足,提出了一种更为适宜的证据合成方法。该方法通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据间的相似系数,从而获得证据的可信度。通过对证据权重和可信度的对比与融合,确定各证据在冲突概率分配中的权重。通过冲突概率的全局分配对证据进行合成。实例分析表明,该方法不仅能够处理高度冲突证据,还能保证指标间的相对重要性不被可信度所过度地影响,从而提高了模糊评估的可靠性与合理性,降低决策风险。     

基于模糊逻辑和证据理论的故障诊断方法

针对故障诊断过程中信息损失的问题和D-S证据理论在处理模糊信息时的局限性,在模糊逻辑的基础上,将决策级信息融合技术应用于故障诊断系统中,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和D-S证据理论相结合的多传感器信息融合综合故障诊断方法。该方法以模糊隶属函数来实现基本可信度分配,充分利用各种传感器的冗余和互补信息,可显著提高故障诊断的准确率,实例验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于证据理论的无人机光电侦察设备故障诊断

针对无人机光电侦察设备故障类型多样性以及故障信息不确定性等问题,从信息融合的角度出发,运用证据理论对光电侦察设备故障进行诊断.依据故障统计数据和专家评判矩阵获取基本概率分配,利用证据可信度修正最初的概率分配,再利用证据融合公式得到综合故障诊断结果.最后通过实例验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于改进合成规则的弹头目标综合识别方法

为了提高多传感器弹头目标综合识别能力,提出了一种改进的证据合成规则。通过证据可靠性的AHP评估与分析,计算出证据的权重系数。并通过证据间的夹角余弦计算证据的可信度,得到证据的一致性偏差。根据证据的权重系数及一致性偏差计算其冲突概率分配系数。基于冲突概率的全局分配对多传感器的识别证据进行融合。实例分析表明,该方法能够有效降低弹头目标决策层融合识别的风险,提高弹头目标综合识别的鲁棒性和准确性。     

一种修正的冲突证据融合方法

对于冲突证据,D-S证据理论无法使用甚至无法得出正确的结果,进而引发了专家学者的研究。针对该问题,提出了一种新的冲突证据融合方法,建立了多传感器综合可信度的计算模型,根据综合可信度得到多传感器的合成结果,采用D-S证据理论对合成结果进行组合,既解决了高冲突问题,又解决了低冲突问题。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于不可信证据源与冲突重分配的证据合成方法

针对D-S证据理论在高冲突下失效的问题,在比较修正原始证据源和重新分配冲突两种方法的基础上,提出一种新的合成规则,新方法用可信度修正证据的同时,把全局冲突分为两部分,并依据"全局冲突在全局分配、局部冲突在局部分配"的原则对冲突进行细化分配。通过仿真分析,并与其他方法比较,新的合成方法能更好地融合冲突证据,收敛速度快,具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.