基于改进线性二次型调节器的近地轨道编队卫星鲁棒控制

为解决编队卫星在近地空间复杂力学环境特别是地球非球形摄动作用下构型易发散的问题,给出一种基于改进线性二次型调节器的编队卫星构型控制方法。该方法先估计近地空间编队卫星构型设计时由未建模摄动力引起的误差最大有界范围,再利用误差最大有界范围的二范数改进经典的线性二次型调节器控制方法,提高经典线性二次型调节器控制器在控制编队卫星构型时的鲁棒性。为评价改进方法的有效性,给出了一种鲁棒性强弱的量化评判标准。仿真结果表明,改进的方法可以大大提高经典线性二次型调节器方法的鲁棒性,增强编队卫星控制方法对各种不确定项的抵御能力。     

二体旋转库仑卫星编队反馈线性化滑模控制

为了减少在库仑卫星编队运动过程中不确定因素的影响,避免控制过程中发生抖振现象,提高控制器的稳定性、准确性,设计了适用于二体旋转库仑卫星编队的反馈线性化滑模控制方法。首先在地月系平动点L_2点处附近建立二体旋转库仑卫星编队的动力学模型并进行简化,针对库仑编队动力学特性,在滑模控制中加入了线性化反馈项,保证了编队整体的鲁棒性;仿真结果证明,该方法能够使编队达到预期构型,具有良好的控制性能。     

弱通信条件下基于MPC与融合状态估计的多UUV编队控制方法

多无人水下航行器(UUV)编队控制在实际复杂海洋环境中面临着水声通信时延大、多中断和丢包等弱通信难题,如何提高其对通信的鲁棒性是重点研究方向之一。首先,建立了多UUV编队模型;其次,将多UUV编队航行分为有无参考路径两种状态,针对已知编队期望路径条件,将编队问题分解为路径跟踪与速度同步问题,设计了基于模型预测控制的路径跟踪控制和速度误差同步机制;再次,针对编队处于机动过程而缺乏参考路径的条件,提出了基于最小二乘的融合状态估计及其一致性编队控制方法;最后,在仿真环境最大队形误差0.6 m,验证了算法的有效性。与单积分器系统一致性编队控制算法对比分析表明,所提方法在队形控制精度、队形恢复时间以及编队的稳定性方面均具有一定优势,研究结果对多UUV编队应用具有重要的指导意义。     

基于大气阻力的卫星编队构形沿航迹模糊控制方法

大气摄动会造成近地轨道卫星编队构形产生沿航迹方向漂移。面质比直接决定了大气阻力引起的长半轴衰减,因此可以通过调整面质比实现对构形沿航迹漂移的控制。以构形绕飞中心的漂移距离和编队卫星长半轴差作为输入量,以面质比改变量作为控制量,研究了编队构形沿航迹模糊控制方法。设计了输入量的模糊语言变量和模糊控制规则;根据Mamdani模糊推理算法进行模糊推理;以面积中心法实现了控制量解模糊化。仿真结果表明,对于文中给定的算例,沿航迹漂移距离能够控制在20m之内。对于构形存在初始误差的情况下,该方法也具有较好的控制效果。     

线性二次型及模型预测控制编队控制研究

多智能体集群作战是未来战场的重要形式.作为集群作战中的关键技术,编队控制有着广泛的应用.以编队控制律为研究目标,选择2种优化控制方法:线性二次型调节器(linear quadratic regulator,LQR)方法和模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)方法.针对圆形编队轨迹,采用...     

障碍环境下队形可变编队的路径规划方法研究

面向机器人编队探索和侦察等任务,系统期望保持队形以保障任务效能,但障碍环境下队形保持可能引起路径长度增加,甚至没有可行路径。为了综合考虑队形保持、路径长度及路径存在性,提出一种队形可变编队的路径规划方法,为编队跟踪控制提供一条全局参考路径。首先,分别依据个体的占据空间和编队的占据空间,对障碍进行两次膨胀,获得包含硬障碍和软障碍的路径规划构型空间。然后,在基于A*的路径规划框架下,构建包含路径长度和软障碍穿越距离的加权代价函数,以获得多指标权衡的路径。最后,不同权重对比试验表明,所提算法对不同障碍环境具有更好的适应性,通过权重设定能获得满足不同需求的可行解,可以为编队提供满意的全局路径。同时,随机场景测试试验验证了算法具有良好的鲁棒性。提出的编队路径规划方法可以引导机器人编队在复杂环境下更安全和快速地完成任务。     

一种基于TF·IEF模型的在线新闻事件探测方法

空间电磁编队具有不消耗推进剂、无羽流污染、连续可逆和同步控制等优势,静态电磁编队在光学干涉成像等领域具有广阔应用前景。动力学平衡态的稳定性与控制是实现静态电磁编队的基础。论文针对双星电磁编队沿径向、切向和法向分布的三种平衡态构形,利用Kane方法建立了6-DOF耦合非线性动力学模型,分析了三种平衡态构形的开环稳定性、耦合特性与控制需求,最后设计LQR控制器,实现了平衡态构形的稳定控制,并进行了仿真验证。     

四层梯阶控制在卫星编队的应用仿真

研究了四层阶梯控制在卫星编队的控制问题及仿真。利用卫星相对运动的线性方程组和轨道机动算法的基础上,结合卫星任务规划、行为决策、行为规划和操作控制的四层阶梯卫星编队结构,从而建立建立卫星编队绕飞半径的滤波控制。仿真结果表明了四层阶梯控制在卫星编队在上对运动过程中,缩小卫星之间相对距离变换范围,增强卫星编队的稳定性。     

微小卫星编队飞行轨道动力学及相对位置保持控制方法

微小卫星编队飞行是20世纪90年代中、后期出现的航天新概念,它是通过一组群聚卫星的协同工作完成相应的空间任务,具有广阔的应用前景。对微小卫星编队飞行的轨道动力学建模进行了详细研究,并应用势函数方法推导了用于卫星编队飞行相对位置保持的连续控制律及离散控制律。     

欠驱动高超滑翔飞行器集群协同编队控制方法

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器滑翔段轴向过载不可控导致编队位置控制困难的问题,提出一种基于一致性编队控制和预测校正理论的协同编队控制方法。在协同制导架构基础上,基于多智能体一致性理论设计分布式集群编队控制策略,由编队中各飞行器的绝对位置和相对位置生成协调变量,采用动态逆方法生成基本编队控制指令;通过设计侧向机动控制指令,对编队队形进行调整,并采用双阶段预测校正控制算法实现编队集群的侧向机动控制。仿真结果表明：该方法能够实现欠驱动高超声速飞行器集群的编队队形生成和保持、良好的编队队形调节能力及对初始位置误差的鲁棒性。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.