基于弹道预测的脉冲修正弹末段控制方法

针对脉冲修正弹箭的控制方法问题,探讨了一种基于快速弹道预测的弹道末段控制方法.在一定假设下,对三自由度质点弹道方程组进行解析求解,得到一组精度较好的弹道诸元解析模型;基于该解析模型,提出一种通过估算剩余飞行时间进行快速弹道预测的方法;在此基础上,提出了适配的脉冲控制参数(脉冲作用方位、脉冲作用个数)的确定方法.以某脉冲修正弹为研究对象,采用Monte Carlo打靶法,在一组相同扰动源条件下分别对无控和有控弹道进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:该控制方法可有效提高脉冲修正弹的落点精度,有控落点圆概率误差比无控落点圆概率误差减小80％以上.     

坦克排气流场三维数值计算研究

应用FLUENT软件对某型号坦克排气管三维流场进行了CFD分析,采用标准k-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLE算法对排气流场进行了数值计算,并将计算结果与测试结果进行对比。研究结果表明,排气出口计算值与测试值的相对误差小于7%,所使用的数值计算方法可用于排气流场的数值计算及分析,基本满足工程设计的需要。     

舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战仿真模型

编队的对空防御作战是影响编队整体战斗力发挥的主要因素之一.根据舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战的组织特点和决策特性,讨论了C3I系统对空防御作战仿真过程中模型的体系结构,确立了C3I系统对空防御作战的需求,并进行了相关模型的开发,分析了美海军舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战仿真模型发展现状,对舰艇编队C3I系统对空防御作战辅助决策仿真软件的开发有一定的借鉴意义.     

冷喷涂粒子速度影响因素的数值模拟与分析

冷喷涂过程中,粒子速度直接影响冷喷涂材料改性效果.由于射流流场为超音速气固两相冲击射流,用实验方法研究粒子速度的影响因素很困难,为此通过数值模拟方法再现流场中粒子速度的变化情况.用Fluent软件以冷喷涂技术中超音速气固两相射流流场为研究对象,对于气固两相流的模拟,则采用颗粒轨道模型(欧拉-拉格朗日模型)获得粒子在射流流场的速度变化情况;分析粒径、材料、喷涂距离以及载气等因素对粒子速度的影响.进一步优化冷喷涂工艺方案,得到了粒子特性与粒子到达基板前最大速度之间的优化关系.     

GTEM室内脉冲场分析及对数周期天线的响应规律研究

为研究对数周期天线(LPGA)的方波脉冲响应特性,利用GTEM室和CST仿真软件对LPGA方波脉冲响应信号进行实验测试与仿真分析.利用实验室自行研制的超宽带电场测试系统对GTEM室进行校准,得到了室内电场强度E(t)与方波源的输出电压V(t)和芯板高度h之间的关系;搭建GTEM室中天线脉冲响应测试平台,得到不同辐照方向下的LPGA方波脉冲时域响应信号;利用CST仿真软件建立对数周期天线的3D模型,得到响应信号幅值的开路电路模型.     

电磁发射超高速弹丸气动特性数值分析

采用数值计算方法研究了超高速弹丸的气动流场特性,重点分析了弹丸再入段的气动流场特性.利用风洞试验数据验证了S-A和k-ωSST湍流模型的预测精度,计算结果表明,在法向力预测上,两种湍流模型的预测精度较高,均在2％以内.在轴向力预测上,S-A湍流模型的预测精度较高,误差约为4.6％.当弹丸以大攻角再入时,弹丸横流效应较为...     

全附体多桨船模自航点数值求解方法研究

针对带附体的四桨双舵船模,采用结构化网格离散全附体模型表面,基于RANS方程求解了船桨舵耦合的复杂粘性流场,数值模拟了主船体阻力试验、螺旋桨敞水试验、全附体模型阻力试验和自航试验,建立了螺旋桨转速自动调节的模型自航点求解方法。该方法的计算结果与试验结果进行了比较分析,结果表明:全附体模型阻力误差小于3.8%,自航点转速误差小于4.3%。     

侧壁激波诱导下凹腔燃烧室冷态流场实验观测

在单凹腔燃烧室中引入侧壁激波,为研究燃烧室内部流动特性,采用纳米粒子平面激光散射技术和粒子图像测速技术对全尺寸玻璃燃烧室模型进行流场观测,获得了冷态流场展向和法向的瞬态灰度图及平均速度场。实验结果表明:在远壁面区域,凹腔内部速度与密度都较低;引入侧壁激波后,近壁面区域凹腔与主流的质量与动量交换增强,速度与密度升高;受到侧壁激波影响,燃烧室底壁边界层不再均匀,凹腔中后部产生大规模低速区,具有明显三维特性。     

考虑航行姿态的船模阻力及流场数值预报

为精确得到船模阻力及流场,研究了网格划分、湍流模型及船模姿态对预报结果的影响。首先,采用切割体网格技术及棱柱层网格技术划分了多套网格,研究网格尺寸大小及棱柱层参数对阻力、兴波及伴流场的影响;然后,比较了三种不同湍流模型在船模阻力及伴流场预报中的差异;最后,基于合理的网格划分及湍流模型,采用DFBI的方法预报了船模在不同航速下的姿态及阻力。计算结果表明:当Fr0.25时,不考虑航行姿态时阻力计算误差可达到18.3%。考虑航行姿态变化后,阻力计算误差小于3%;升沉和纵倾的计算值和试验值吻合较好。由此证明:采用DFBI方法考虑船体航行姿态的变化避免了网格变形或者重构,具有较好的收敛性和计算精度。     

激光推力器液体工质注入系统设计

工质注入系统是液体推进剂激光推力器必不可少的一个组成部分。设计并加工了一套脉冲式液态工质注入系统,解决了工质注入和激光脉冲输出同步的问题;并实现了用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对脉冲式雾化液滴性能参数的测试。     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.     

线性核时频信号表示及其仿真

根据ｃｈｉｒｐ信号在模糊域的特点,本文提出了线性核时频表示方法。这种方法在提高分辨率、消除交叉项以及抑制噪声等方面都具有较高的性能。理论分析和实验结果都证实了这种方法的有效性     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

Forecasting a Hurricane: Israeli and American Estimations of the Khomeini Revolution

The surprising ‘Arab Spring’ raises the question as to what would enable national intelligence to provide high quality warnings prior to the eruption of popular revolutions. This article uses new sources of evidence to trace and explain Israel's success in comparison to US failure at correctly estimating the course of the Iranian Revolution in 1977–79. In explaining this variance, the article shows that it was mainly the result of the intimate acquaintance of Israel's representatives in Iran with the local language, history and culture, as well as the ability to communicate with locals – tools which the Americans completely lacked.     

关于教师继续教育培训模式的思考

继续教育作为终身教育的重要组成部分和基本形式,对教师的发展成长意义重大。继续教育工作开展十多年来,取得了一定的成绩,但还存在不少问题,如学习动机较为被动,管理认识不到位,教学内容陈旧空泛,教学方法呆板机械等。随着课程改革的不断深入,继续教育必须采取相应的改进措施,树立以人为本,服务至上的观点,教学内容的前瞻性与实用性并重,教学人员进行整合,教学方法灵活多样,评价考核规范科学等,以此激活受训教师内在的学习动机,更大程度地提高继续教育培训的实际效果。     

用DirectShow实现网络视频

目前市场上的网络监控技术一般用昂贵的硬件设备来支撑,投资较大。在深入研究微软的DirectX9.0的基础上,提出如何用DirectShow软件技术和普通的数字摄像头来实现网络视频的监控和实现技术,内容涉及通信协议、视频的编码与解码技术、视频的编码格式和COM组件编程技术等,最终的实验结果令人满意,且费用低廉,技术可靠,为在高速局域网内构建视频监控系统提供有效的技术支持。     

Interpreting the Ribchester Helmet

In 1796 a 13-year-old boy playing on wasteland behind his father’s house in Ribchester, Lancashire discovered an assemblage of over 30 Roman artefacts, including a decorated brass helmet. Although partially corroded the Ribchester helmet is a fine example of a first-century AD cavalry sports helmet. This article considers how the interpretation of the helmet has evolved since its discovery. The multi-faceted iconography of the helmet with its mural crown diadem is that of an elite soldier and is paralleled in other examples of cavalry sports helmets of the Ribchester type. The long-neglected imagery on the helmet bowl is reinterpreted and seen not as a haphazard collection of randomly placed combatants but as a highly structured, symmetrical composition specifically designed to be viewed from different directions.     

Desert insurgency: lessons from the third Tuareg rebellion

This article provides an in-depth examination and analysis of the 2006–2009 Tuareg rebellion in Mali and Niger. It identifies the underlying reasons behind the rebellion, explores contrasting counter-insurgency (COIN) strategies employed by the two governments, and presents some lessons learned. While both COIN approaches ultimately produced similar peace settlements, the article argues that the Malian strategy of reconciliation combined with the selective use of force was far more effective than the Nigerien iron fist approach at limiting the size and scope of the insurgency and producing a more sustainable peace. It concludes by looking at the role of external actors, particularly the United States, and how the failure to internationalize the conflict was actually more beneficial to the local COIN effort, as well as to the longer strategic interests of the United States in the region.