土体泊松比对压入管桩单桩挤土位移场的影响

基于ABAQUS有限元软件,采用主从接触算法模拟桩-土相互作用、修正剑桥模型作为土体本构模型,通过在桩顶施加竖向位移荷载以及合适的网格划分技术建立了较为符合压入管桩压桩实际的有限元模型。利用得到的有限元模型模拟了压入管桩压桩产生的挤土位移场,对不同泊松比时压入管桩单桩挤土位移场进行了对比分析。结果表明:不同泊松比时竖向和水平挤土位移场沿深度方向和径向的分布规律趋于一致;土体泊松比的变化会对压入管桩压桩产生的竖向和水平挤土位移场产生较大影响;泊松比越大,压桩产生的竖向和水平挤土位移越大。     

连射身管温度场及弹丸扰动分析

以小口径自动步枪枪弹和身管为研究对象.建立身管温度场有限元模型,在传热学的基础上结合内弹道计算结果分析身管传热,得到连射情况下的身管温度场,并以此为边界建立连发射击身管-弹丸热力耦合有限元模型,加载内弹道膛压曲线,采用有限元显示动力学分析弹丸膛内变形以及运动特性.研究结果表明:温度升高引起弹丸材料变形和应力变化是导致弹...     

材料性能对固体发动机结构完整性的影响

基于描述粘弹性材料特性的Burgers模型的本构关系以及基于该本构关系下的有限元方法 ,根据温度载荷和内压载荷的特点 ,分别建立了分析某固体发动机材料性能参数对结构完整性影响的有限元模型。应用MSC/NAS TRAN结构分析软件 ,详细分析了在温度和内压载荷作用下固体发动机材料性能参数对结构完整性的影响。在温度载荷的作用下 ,主要影响结构完整性的是推进剂的泊松比与热膨胀系数 ;在内压载荷作用下 ,主要影响结构完整性的是包覆层和推进剂的泊松比以及推进剂的初始模量。所得的结论可为固体发动机的生产设计提供参考     

成层地基中压入法沉桩引起的桩周土体变形分析

通过在桩-土界面设置接触面,选用合理的单元类型,建立了较为符合压入桩压桩实际的三维有限元模型。利用得到的有限元模型,采用单元生死技术对压入桩压桩过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了成层地基压桩过程中桩周土体的竖向应力及应变随压桩深度的动态变化。选用桩型为钢管桩,分析结果表明:随着压桩深度的增加,桩内桩周土体的竖向应力(或应变)一直表现为压应力(或压应变),且逐渐增大;桩外桩周土体的竖向应力(或应变)逐渐由压应力(或压应变)变为拉应力(或拉应变)。随着压桩深度的增加,桩内桩周土体前3层竖向应力(或应变)的变化幅度基本一致,第4层的变化幅度增大;桩外桩周土体每2层土之间的差异都较大。     

压入管桩压桩所致挤土位移的数值模拟

采用位移贯入法施加荷载,以修正剑桥模型作为土体本构关系模型,通过在桩-土界面设置接触面并采用自定义初始孔隙比分布的子程序VOIDRI实现初始孔隙比随深度的非线性分布,建立较为符合压入管桩压桩实际的有限元模型,对压入管桩压桩产生的挤土位移进行数值模拟研究,讨论压入管桩压桩产生的竖向和水平挤土位移沿深度方向和径向的分布规律。研究结果表明:随径向距离的增大,浅层土体的竖向挤土位移逐渐由沉降变为隆起,而深层土体的竖向挤土位移始终表现为沉降;随深度的增大,至桩中心距离较小处土体的竖向挤土位移始终表现为沉降,而至桩中心距离较大处土体的竖向挤土位移逐渐由隆起变为沉降;不同深度土体的水平挤土位移沿径向的分布规律和不同径向距离土体的水平挤土位移沿深度方向的分布规律都趋于一致。最后提出能够有效减小压入管桩挤土效应的施工措施。     

残余应力对身管内膛裂纹应力强度因子的影响

自紧技术通过施加自紧压力使身管内膛发生塑性变形,以产生残余应力增大身管强度,也是提高身管使用寿命的有效方法。为了研究残余应力对身管内膛裂纹的影响,建立了具有残余应力的身管扩展有限元模型,计算了不同自紧度的身管在残余应力场作用下,内膛表面裂纹的强度因子,分析了自紧残余应力和裂纹深度对裂纹应力强度因子大小的影响。同时,在连续射击后发生残余应力释放的条件下,计算了自紧身管的残余应力的变化规律和表面热应力对裂纹应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：自紧残余应力能有效抑制身管裂纹的扩展,提高疲劳寿命,其抑制效果与残余应力的大小成正相关,自紧身管在射击后,热载荷作用下,表层的残余应力由压应力变成拉应力,其他区域切向残余应力数值也相应减小,残余拉应力使身管表层更容易开裂。     

数值模拟方法对浅水爆炸荷载的影响

采用LS-Dyna和MSC.Dytran分别建立了浅水爆炸的三维数值仿真模型,通过仿真现象和与经验公式的对比验证了模型的可信性。对二者的仿真结果进行了对比研究,得到如下结论:MSC.Dytran的边界设定和流固耦合能力更强,气泡脉动速度和周期衰减更快且最大半径较大,对气泡脉动峰压和冲击波比冲量的仿真更为精确;LS-Dyna仿真水底的反射作用更加明显,对冲击波峰压和气泡脉动比冲量的仿真效果更好,且仿真荷载的主要分布位置比MSC.Dytran仿真更接近水底。二者仿真气泡溃散形态有所区别,且待进一步开展试验研究以验证。     

水下近场非接触爆炸载荷作用下加筋板毁伤变形的数值仿真研究

采用高动态非线性有限元程序MSC.Dytran对复杂加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷下的动态响应和变形模式进行了仿真分析和模型试验,建立了复杂加筋板架结构水下爆炸作用下动态响应的有限元计算方法.研究了加筋板在水下爆炸载荷下的不同毁伤形式,并利用有限元程序对复杂毁伤形式进行了瞬态毁伤过程分析,认为一定药量近距离爆炸时局部破坏要先于整体破坏.     

线膛身管有限元网格参数化建模方法

为了精确快速地建立身管结构有限元网格模型,提出基于Python脚本语言操作单元和节点坐标的参数化建模方法,建立身管结构有限元网格模型。使用该方法能够精确地建立身管内膛(包含药室、坡膛和导向部)和外部轮廓的有限元网格模型,并进行参数化建模。以76 mm火炮身管为对象,建立身管与弹丸耦合的有限元模型,计算弹丸在身管内的全弹道运动过程,并结合相应实验进行验证。研究结果表明：该方法能够精确快速地建立身管结构有限元网格模型。     

弹带挤进过程中膛线的应力分析

运用MSC．Patran软件及其二次开发语言建立了弹丸与火炮身管的参数化模型。利MSC．Dytran软件模拟某型火炮弹带挤进过程,分析挤进过程中弹带、身管和膛线的应力状态,重点分析膛线起始部易损伤的力学原因,为深入研究这一复杂过程提供了参考。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.