坑道内爆炸冲击波的三维数值模拟与试验验证

采用多物质ALE算法,利用大型有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了坑道内爆炸冲击波的三维数值计算模型。通过与试验实测数据对比,分析了网格尺寸、人工黏性系数、坑道长度等对数值计算结果的影响规律。结果表明:网格尺寸和人工黏性系数对计算结果的影响较大;坑道出口产生的稀疏波会使数值计算结果失真,数值计算时坑道长度宜为所研究测点到爆炸源距离的1.5倍。冲击波超压峰值和冲量计算值与试验实测值的最大误差分别为8.9%和3.1%。     

矩形坑道内爆炸冲击波压力仿真计算及试验验证

针对坑道试验爆轰波传播进行研究,通过数值模拟手段获取不同爆心距处坑道侧壁超压时程曲线,并通过试验手段,验证了数值模拟模型正确性。对比数值模拟结果和试验数据,发现坑道试验将混合装药等效TNT质量后,数值模拟超压峰值与实测误差范围为8.49%～25.49%,在距爆心15 m外数值模拟误差较小;等截面坑道内,爆轰波在近爆心处峰值超压相差较为明显,反映近爆心爆轰波较为紊乱。随着距爆心越远,等截面处峰值压力趋于一致,表明爆轰波呈稳定传播状态。研究结果表明,坑道内爆试验将混合装药等效为TNT当量,采用数值模拟研究坑道不同位置峰值超压方法可行性,为坑道试验超压测试传感器量程、规格选择提供理论指导,为坑道内侵爆类弹药爆炸毁伤效应评估等提供支撑。     

浅水爆炸特性数值模拟研究

为对浅水爆炸的荷载特性进行研究,首先采用LS-DYNA建立的浅水爆炸三维数值模拟模型对浅水爆炸的冲击波传播与气泡脉动进行了模拟,通过与经验计算公式对比验证了模型的可信性;然后,对浅水爆炸的荷载特点和分布规律进行了分析,并初步探究了水面及水底的影响规律,得到如下结论:LS-DYNA可实现浅水爆炸的有效模拟,模拟结果符合理论形态,且计算得到的荷载峰压和比冲量等特性参数与经验公式吻合良好。浅水爆炸荷载峰压在冲击波传播阶段出现,气泡脉动阶段荷载的比冲量则明显高于冲击波传播阶段,在浅水爆炸毁伤效应研究中,以上两个阶段均需考虑。炸药起爆深度附近及其以下水域为浅水爆炸荷载的主要作用区域。水面反射稀疏波和水底反射冲击波的峰压和衰减时间与冲击波相近;随着爆深增加,反射波对水面及水底附近位置影响增大,对水域中间位置的影响先减小后增大。     

基于超压和冲量的爆炸冲击波杀伤概率计算模型

基于人员爆炸伤的特点,针对爆炸过程中超压、冲量的变化对人员造成的损伤,建立了用于评估人员在爆炸威力场中伤亡概率的计算模型。结合爆炸伤特点,对人员损伤情况进行分类,分析冲击波杀伤和爆炸导致的人员抛投伤。根据爆炸物相关参数,计算TNT当量以及爆炸威力场中的超压和冲量变化,采用PROBIT方法对人员伤亡概率进行评估。在此基础上,首先,分析了江苏响水天嘉宜化工有限公司“3·21”特别重大爆炸事故。结果表明,在此次爆炸事故中,由该模型计算得到的安全距离与实际情况相符。然后,对某型弹药的战场冲击波杀伤概率进行了评估,并对四种伤情特点进行了分析。该模型可用于快速计算爆炸时超压和冲量变化导致人员伤亡的概率,对于评估爆炸安全事故中的人员伤亡情况以及战场中的爆炸致伤情况有一定参考意义。     

T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响

为研究T型分支坑道对油气爆炸传播特性的影响,通过对比实验,测定了相同初始条件下T型分支坑道和直坑道中油气混合物爆炸的火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值。利用高速摄影仪,记录了火焰传播至T型分支坑道时的火焰阵面变化情况,并对T型分支坑道中油气混合物爆炸的传播情况进行了理论分析。结果表明：T型分支坑道对油气混合物爆炸的影响可以视为面积突扩和障碍物扰动双重作用的影响;火焰经过支坑道时,火焰阵面发生扭曲并产生皱褶,表面积增大导致火焰传播速度增大;T型分支坑道处,大量反射波和绕射波进入波后反应区,加强了气流湍流强度,并推动已燃气体回传,迅速提高了燃烧反应速度和能量释放率,起到了增大火焰传播速度和爆炸波超压值的作用。     

二元混压式高超声速进气道流场数值模拟

使用有限差分法,TVD二阶迎风格式,Baldwin-Lomax湍流模型,对二元混压式高超声速进气道设计状态和非设计状态的粘性流场和性能进行了数值模拟,并分析了出口反压及隔离段长度对进气道流场的影响。结果表明隔离段长高比对进气道出口参数影响较大;隔离段出口反压不能太高,否则会引起进气道不起动。     

瓦斯爆炸波自激励效应的实验研究

基于爆炸波的发展机理在气体爆炸防护技术研究中的重要性,通过实验对密闭通道中瓦斯爆炸波的传播特征及规律进行了研究。结果表明,瓦斯爆炸传播过程中,压力波对火焰波既有促进作用又有抑制作用,不同阶段的主导作用不同;而火焰波对压力波也会产生影响,不但会加强压力波的超压和振幅,而且会使压力波上升段压缩、下降段拉伸,最终可能发展为爆震波,对巷道内的建筑、设备造成极大的破坏。     

分段计算方法在模拟爆炸应力波传播中的运用

针对爆炸加载下岩石响应的不同特点以及动力有限元和传统地震波模拟方法的局限性,提出了一种分段计算的数值模拟方法.该方法在空间上将所模拟的区域划分为非弹性段和弹性段,非弹性段内采用动力有限元计算方法,弹性段内采用传统的地震波方法,不同段之间以节点位移为边界条件.不同算法的数值模拟结果验证了分段计算方法用于模拟爆炸荷载产生地震波的有效性和正确性.     

水下爆炸仿真参量设置影响研究

本文中研究了水下爆炸数值仿真参量设置对冲击波与气泡载荷计算结果的影响。构建一维楔形网格,研究了flow-out、transmit和none三种边界条件对气泡脉动特性的影响,表明应建立足够大的水域来模拟无限水域从而消除边界对气泡脉动的影响;构建不同水域尺寸的仿真模型,结果表明所述装药条件下合适的水域半径为1 200倍装药半径;网格密度影响水下爆炸冲击波压力峰值,基于计算结果拟合得到了5%误差和10%误差下网格尺寸最小取值的计算公式。研究结果为水下爆炸载荷高精度计算提供重要参考。     

三维超声速隔离段湍流内流场旋涡结构的数值模拟

从基于雷诺平均的N S方程出发 ,采用有限体积方法离散控制方程 ,数值模拟了三维超声速隔离段湍流内流场。计算中采用了二阶OC TVD差分格式、LU隐式算法和Baldwin Lomax代数湍流模型。数值结果与实验做了对比 ,并结合隔离段中的激波串结构分析了其横截面上旋涡结构的发展过程及不同外形条件下旋涡的不同结构。计算结果表明采用本文发展的方法模拟隔离段湍流流场是可行的 ,截面为正方形与长方形的隔离段内的涡旋结构截然不同     

等截面隔离段中激波串结构的数值模拟

采用二阶TVD格式的有限体积法偶合Baldwin Lomax代数湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier stokes方程 ,数值模拟了二维矩形等截面隔离段中的流动现象 ,很好地模拟出由激波 /附面层干扰所形成的复杂的激波串流场结构。计算结果与国外有关文献的结果进行了比较。     

Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel

Shock tubes create simulated blast waves which can be directed and measured to study blast wave effects under laboratory conditions. It is desirable to increase available peak pressure from ∼1 MPa to ∼5 MPa to simulate closer blast sources and facilitate development and testing of personal and vehicle armors. Three methods are experimentally investigated to increase peak simulated blast pressure produced by an oxy-acetylene driven shock tube while maintaining suitability for laboratory studies. The first method is the addition of a Shchelkin spiral priming section which supports a deflagration to detonation transition. This approach increases the average peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 5.33 MPa while maintaining a relevant pressure-time curve (near Friedlander waveform). The second method is a bottleneck between the driving and driven sections. Coupling a 79 mm diameter driving section to a 53 mm driven section increases the peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 2.25 MPa. A 103 mm driving section is used to increase peak pressure to 2.64 MPa. The third method, adding solid fuel to the driving section with the oxy-acetylene, results in a peak pressure increasing to 1.70 MPa.     

基于改进 Gerstner 波的岛礁近岸波浪实时仿真?

为了实现岛礁附近波浪实时仿真,结合 Gerstner 波和水波动力学知识,提出了一种能够模拟波浪卷曲和折射绕射现象的波浪建模与绘制方法。首先,建立 Gerstner 波参数随水深变化关系,构建模拟波浪卷曲过程的几何模型;然后,定义岛礁地形对波浪传播的阻障和遮挡系数,并据此修正波浪传播的波向和波高,实现折射和绕射现象的仿真;最后,应用着色器缓存技术完成计算的硬件加速,并构建了基于视点的波浪传播多分辨率绘制策略。实验结果表明,该方法对波浪的卷曲和折射绕射现象取得了较好的仿真效果,绘制效率能够满足实时性要求。     

基于ANSYS的舰船武器装备基准变化分析方法

舰船武器装备基准在外界环境作用下产生变化,从而影响武器系统的打击精度。应用ANSYS平台建立舰船有限元模型,利用三维波浪载荷的计算方法模拟航行条件下的波浪力,研究了舰船甲板面武器装备基准在两种极限海况下的变化情况,发现针对此类舰船横摇使武器装备基准产生较大的变化,并且靠近尾部和两舷位置处装备的基准变化较为显著。仿真结果表明：当舰船在风浪中航行使用武器系统时,应尽量采取顶浪航行,减少舰船横摇对武器系统基准的影响。     

Numerical simulation of the blast wave of a multilayer composite charge

The numerical simulation of a blast wave of a multilayer composite charge is investigated. A calculation model of the near-field explosion and far-field propagation of the shock wave of a composite charge is established using the AUTODYN finite element program. Results of the near-field and far-field calculations of the shock wave respectively converge at cell sizes of 0.25–0.5 cm and 1–3 cm. The Euler––flux-corrected transport solver is found to be suitable for the far-field calculation after mapping. A numerical simulation is conducted to study the formation, propagation, and interaction of the shock wave of the composite charge for different initiation modes. It is found that the initiation mode obviously affects the shock-wave waveform and pressure distribution of the composite charge. Additionally, it is found that the area of the overpressure distribution is greatest for internal and external simultaneous initiation, and the peak pressure of the shock wave exponentially decays, fitting the calculation formula of the peak overpressure attenuation under different initiation modes, which is obtained and verified by experiment. The difference between numerical and experimental results is less than 10%, and the peak overpressure of both internal and external initiation is 56.12% higher than that of central single-point initiation.     

Experimental and numerical study of the blast wave decrease using sandwich panel by granular materials core

Among the intrinsic properties of some materials, e.g., foams, porous materials, and granular materials, are their ability to mitigate shock waves. This paper investigated shock wave mitigation by a sandwich panel with a granular core. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed using Autodyn hydro-code software and a shock tube, respectively. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to model granular materials. Sawdust and pumice, whose properties were determined by several compression tests, were used as granular materials in the sandwich panel core. These granular materials possess many mechanisms, including compacting (e.g., sawdust) and crushing (e.g., pumice) that mitigate shock/blast wave. The results indicated the ineffectiveness of using a core with low thickness, yet it was demonstrated to be effective with high thickness. Low-thickness pumice yielded better results for wave mitigation. The use of these materials with a core with appropriate core reduces up to 88% of the shock wave. The results of the experiments and numerical simulations were compared, suggesting a good agreement between the two. This indicates the accuracy of simulation and the ability of the SPH method to modeling granular material under shock loading. The effects of grain size and the coefficient of friction between grains have also been investigated using simulation, implying that increasing the grain size and coefficient of friction between grains both reduce overpressure.     

舰船操纵运动时高频波浪力的算例

提出六自由度舰船波浪中操纵性计算方法 ,应用切片理论STF法及二维Frank源汇分布法研究了舰船在波浪中操纵运动时高频波浪力的计算 ,并编制程序 ,数值计算了在波浪中摇荡的一矩形剖面和某舰船的高频波浪力、附加质量 ,方形切片计算结果与已有试验吻合较好     

Mitigation of the blast load effects on a building structure using newly composite structural configurations

In this study, a nonlinear three-dimensional hydrocode numerical simulation was carried out using AUTODYN-3D to investigate the effect of blasting of a high explosive material (TNT) against several configurations of the composite structure. Several numerical models were carried out to study the effect of varying the thickness of the walls and the effect of adding an air layer or aluminum foam layer inside two layers of concrete in mitigating the effect of blast waves on the structure walls. The results showed that increasing the thickness of walls has a good effect on mitigating the effect of blast waves. When a layer of air was added, the effect of blast waves was exaggerated, while when a layer of aluminum foam was added the blast wave effects were mitigated with a reasonable percentage.