潜艇规避被动声纳浮标阵方法及期望驶离时间

基于对反潜巡逻机布放被动声纳浮标阵的研究,对方形阵的布放建立了模型。利用该模型研究了我潜艇规避被动浮标声纳阵的方法。通过计算,得出潜艇驶离被动声纳浮标阵搜索范围的期望时间,用选取的声纳浮标阵间距和潜艇规避速度对结果进行分析,为潜艇的下一步行动提供辅助决策。     

反潜鱼雷、声纳浮标投射模型研究

以反潜巡逻机使用声纳浮标和鱼雷反潜武器为研究对象,在简单描述鱼雷和声纳浮标投放、入水过程的基础上,重点分析了它们的飞行性能,即飞行过程中鱼雷和声纳浮标的位置、速度、加速度和方位的计算模型,并进行了分析。这对于研究鱼雷和浮标的空中弹道,提高布放声纳浮标的位置精度和鱼雷攻击潜艇效果都有十分重要的意义。     

“迪卡斯”声纳浮标探潜盲区与潜艇的规避分析

针对"迪卡斯"声纳浮标存在探潜盲区的问题,通过分析和计算研究潜艇利用盲区规避的可行性.分析了单枚声纳浮标的探测盲区、两枚声纳浮标的重叠盲区和三种典型的声纳浮标阵型,在计算机上实现了"迪卡斯"声纳浮标阵探测盲区的可视化,通过大量计算和分析,得出了潜艇利用盲区规避反潜飞机跟踪的可行性;尽管利用盲区可造成迪卡斯声纳浮标探测的中断,但利用盲区并非所有情况下的最优方法,通过计算机仿真可以找出各?鼢 种态势下潜艇的最优规避方法.     

声纳浮标搜潜优化布放技术研究

在航空搜潜中为了提高搜索概率,需要优化声纳浮标群的布放位置。首先建立目标运动模型和累积搜索概率的计算方法,然后采用多点随机搜索、分区&分支界定和遗传算法对规则阵形和不规则阵形的声纳浮标群的布放位置进行优化,相应地建构了三种声纳浮标搜潜优化布放方法。仿真结果表明：在简单环境下搜潜,用前两种方法优化规则浮标阵的阵形参数,其搜索概率高而且运算时间短;在复杂环境下搜潜,利用遗传算法优化不规则浮标阵的布放位置,具有最高的搜索概率但运算时间较长。     

基于先验目标概略航向的双机搜潜方法

针对在反潜直升机执行应召搜潜任务时,已知目标潜艇概略航向,当出动两架反潜直升机执行应召搜潜任务时,反潜直升机采取的双机搜潜方法,声纳投放位置及使用时机问题和难点,提出了反潜直升机的一种新搜潜方法"前堵后追"法,即一架反潜直升机在潜艇目标丢失点位置沿潜艇逃离的概略方向执行扇形搜索,另一架反潜直升机在所确定概略方向的远界投放声纳浮标,充分利用吊放声纳与声纳浮标执行对潜搜索任务,发挥反潜直升机高机动性能的优势,提高发现概率。最后,进行了仿真实验,仿真实验结果表明反潜双机"前堵后追"法能较好地解决双机搜潜情况下,对已知概略航向目标潜艇的搜索问题,反潜直升机发现潜艇的概率相对于其他双机搜潜方法有较明显的改善。     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的浮标定位方法

由于浮标的随机漂移,在航空搜潜过程中,需要定期对浮标的位置进行更新。根据航空搜潜声纳浮标与飞机的相对方位信息,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波技术,分析了计算浮标位置的原理、方法,建立了相应的系统模型和仿真算法,从估计的相对位置误差和均方根误差两个方面,仿真分析了系统的误差性能。结果表明,该定位模型能够成功地跟踪浮标的位置,并具有较高的定位精度。     

基于解析算法的声纳浮标搜潜系统定位精度分析

针对基于位置时间参数解析算法的声纳浮标阵搜潜系统的定位精度问题,采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法展开了研究。从解析定位模型出发,首先定性分析浮标自身的定位误差与传感器测时误差对航速及航向角计算的影响;然后选取评价指标,采用蒙特卡洛方法进行了仿真分析,得到了不同仿真条件下各个因素对定位精度具体的影响关系,这些结论为根据精度参数合理选择浮标阵的数量及布放阵型提供了依据。     

声纳浮标均匀布放问题研究

针对声纳浮标的均匀布放问题,借鉴喷泉最优布放模型对此进行了研究。对声纳浮标的作用距离、平均场强、平均偏离强度进行建模,采用数值算法对正三角形阵的最优布放间隔进行了计算,并对其余两种阵型的计算方法进行了论述。经分析,认为正三角形、正四边形、正六边形是符合要求的三种基本阵型。所求得浮标间距能够满足工程上的要求,能够为反潜机的浮标布放提供决策依据。     

潜艇水声对抗航空声呐作战效能仿真研究

为得到潜艇水声对抗主/被动航空声呐的最佳策略,构建了水声环境模型和声呐探测模型、潜艇对抗模型,提出了一种考虑声接触、跟踪、定位和识别处理的航空声呐信息处理模型,仿真分析了被动声呐浮标和主动吊放声呐等典型航空声呐在接触潜艇的条件下,不同潜艇水声对抗策略的效能。结果表明,对抗被动声呐时,减小辐射噪声比提高航速更为有效,潜艇应该采用大深度、最小噪声航速、最短距离脱离。如果潜艇通过电子侦察侦听到声呐浮标空投入水声音得知被动声呐浮标方位,可以插入气幕弹恶化被动浮标阵共视条件,避免跟踪定位,提高对抗效果。对抗主动声呐时,改变航向、投放宽频干扰器和声诱饵后高速脱离是潜艇的最佳策略,脱离过程还可以插入气幕弹恶化声呐跟踪定位识别环境,为潜艇拉开与声呐的距离提供条件。该研究可为潜艇水声对抗主/被动航空声呐提供仿真环境和决策参考。     

基于交叉定位的声纳浮标阵被动检测预处理研究

交叉定位的精度直接决定着水下目标被动方法的检测性能,而目标数量的不确定性及其位置关系的复杂性将进一步影响交叉定位的精度。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于最小交叉定位方差的距离和方位数据互联算法。首先,分析了水下目标2种典型运动特点,分别构建了水下目标运动模型;其次,研究了声纳浮标阵型和交叉定位原理对定位精度的影响,构建了声纳浮标被动检测模型;最后,采用距离和方位数据关联方法,完成了水下目标被动检测前的预处理。仿真结果表明：在多目标航迹交叉、复杂噪声环境条件下,该算法整体性能优于典型的模糊聚类法和最近邻域法。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.